Having worked in the medical field most of my life I think the most important thing is to make your doctor aware that you do keep chickens, or whatever livestock and pets you have so that they can take that into consideration if you get ill. And don't forget to remind them if you do come down with something that doesn't seem ordinary or doesn't resolve with ordinary treatment.
Honestly, wash your hands after coming in from the coop, handling chickens, handling eggs. I wear a simple dust mask when I move straw or bedding around just because I can feel the dust and grit in my mouth and nose otherwise. Take care if you are handling a sick bird... I might possibly wear disposable gloves in that case.