We have these holes in our yard and I would like to know what's causing them. If we need to spray or anything like that, we need to do it before we put chicks in the yard...
As there's no mound of dirt next to the hole and the holes look small, I'm guessing either wild birds pecking or insect activity. Hard to tell the size of the hole as nothing next to them for comparison but they look fairly small - too small for a rodent. Especially since there's not any disruption of dirt next to the hole to indicate digging.
Don't think I'd spray. If it's insects, the chickens will take care of them and have a snack in the process.
Looks like dew worms to me. Go out at night with a flashlight and you should see the worms on the ground half out of those holes. There will be tons of them if the ground is moist.