It depends on the individual. Dogs, like people, have individual tendancies outside their genetics.
My darling lab/husky X is protective of 'his' chickens (though I think he enjoyed startling the flock when he ran past them before they got used to him) and we didn't introduce him to a chicken till he was 3. He was raised in a small city and loves to run and fetch, but he is a kind sould who hates for anyone to be upset or in pain, despite the genetics of his breeds saying he should want to chase them and/or eat them.
My stupid (yet still lovable) lab/golden retriever X has killed more of my chickens over the past year and a half than hawks, cats, rats, and weasels combined. He doesn't mean to hurt them, he just loves to chase and they are so fragile. We got him at 10 weeks and raised him with the chickens, trying to train him to be their friend. We now have to fence them separately (much to the disappointment of my old dog who misses living with his buddies) but every so often one of the chickens will hop the fence and be lucky to survive. He won't chase if we are there to watch him, but unsupervised he is very destructive.