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Not true, depending on where one lived even the poor where at least some what literate, they may have had only access to a very few books and newspapers but many many families whom where poor learned if nothing else by reading a family Bible.
I figure from the wording on the letters wrote to ask about their Civil War pension that mine were not literate. Letters to his mother have words spelled wrong. "time to ansor" "you have herd" "it has ben". "A smal los " "Ben Jackson ses that i am so fat & lazy that he dont no what he shall do with me" 1864
They had help writing letters to the office to get their pension money. I do know he must have had skills in wood working. It's noted that he was a cooper and carpenter. I've yet to check into connections to the Erie Canal. I know they lived near the canal as did my other relatives. The Caples knew the Werhli's. Caples being on one side of my grandmother and Werhli's being the other.
Now the cook book I have is Southern Cook Book 322 Old Dixie Recipes. 1939. It has some very racist poems in it. The first recipe for Kentucky Burgoo makes 1200 gallons, calls for 600 pound of lean meat, 2000 pounds of potatoes, plus other large quantities of ingredients.
I have the Alabama food preservation 1951, Polytech institute.
I have two "Church" cookbooks No dates.
I think it's the St. Peter's Church Brockville , Ontario has recipes with now oven temps. My take is that they were using the old wood stoves. I have seen and had a friend who had a stove top oven.
If he misspelled words such as you described, he was not totally illiterate there is a difference between not being able to read and write at all and not being able to function at what er call a fourth grade level. I was taught in the mid- 80's in school that newspapers and general magazines (such as time life reader's digest) where supposed to be written at the 4th grade level for 2 reasons, to help schools and families to educate children in reading, writing styles, and sentence structure and current events. and a secondary reason, was to provide information to the semi-literate. people (also that would include those whom are disabled and cannot comprehend beyond that level due to their disability).