A lot of the calcium they eat, whether from chicken feed, oyster shells, egg shells, creepy crawlies, plants they might eat, or even limestone gravel they use as grit if that is your native rock does not get dissolved by the digestive juices and goes right on through the chicken and out the back end. That’s a benefit to using chicken poop in making your compost for your garden, calcium is an essential nutrient for garden plants.
The calcium has to be dissolved by digestive juices for the body to be able to absorb it and use it. The smaller the pieces of calcium the more surface area for those juices to work so the more efficient that process is. Since oyster shell, egg shell, and other things are ground up in the gizzard the chicken can manage that fairly well though there are some differences in how well different things are absorbed. As long as the egg shells are hard they are getting enough calcium and processing it, no matter the source.
The calcium has to be dissolved by digestive juices for the body to be able to absorb it and use it. The smaller the pieces of calcium the more surface area for those juices to work so the more efficient that process is. Since oyster shell, egg shell, and other things are ground up in the gizzard the chicken can manage that fairly well though there are some differences in how well different things are absorbed. As long as the egg shells are hard they are getting enough calcium and processing it, no matter the source.