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Not unless she's gone "broody." Chickens mostly have had the broodiness bred out of them. It's bad for egg production. (They stop laying while incubating for 21 days, plus 4 to 5 weeks of raising the chicks.)
Some breeds are more prone to going broody than others, but that doesn't mean a chicken of one of those breeds will definitely go broody. It's hormonal and individual with each chicken.
If a hen lays eggs and walks away from the nest, she's not broody. If she sits on the eggs all day and all night, puffs up her feathers, makes a horrible growling or "chittering" sound and tries to peck you when you reach under her for an egg, then she's probably broody.
It's a common misconception that hens, all hens, just naturally will raise chicks from eggs if you don't gather them. Not so.