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Instead of the heating pad use fish aquarium heaters. I use these in my bucket waterers and they work great, also very safe and cheap to run. Get the submersible ones and use the lowest setting.
If you can't get power out there a solar air bubbler might work. They make them for fishing to keep fish buckets aerated. I use one of these to make compost tea in the summer but it mignt work to provide movement to keep water from icing over. There are also battery powered aquarium air pumps. The Penn-Plax "Silent Air" Model B11 uses two D batteries and will run for 5 days of continuous use. Of course, this can't be used in a regular waterer because of the air pressure but should work in an open pan or bucket.
Another thing that works if you have power is a small incondesent light in a cement block. You can also use an on/off timer to switch it on and off in intervals to save power. Perhaps this could also work with solar powered shed lights as well?
I'm supprised that there aren't more alternative energy equipment out there considering that most coops do not have power to them.