I have been raising waterfowl for 26 years...I really couldnt remember what I used way back that long ago- but it was about 4 - maybe 5 years ago I swapped over to pine shavings. I wouldnt use anything else now. I have been hatching larger numbers over the last few years- so thats one reason the shavings work for me. If I only had 2- 3 ducklings I was raising as a once off- I might look at doing things differently- but for the high numbers I have now- shavings are the only real option. The there are two different types of puppy pads available- one that uses a fibrous substance such as cotton to soak up the fluid- and the other that is a synthetic polymer gel. I wouldnt ever use the polymer type- as the ducklings could eat the absorbent inner if the outer lining gets too wet.