VOCAL REPERTOIRE OF THE RED JUNGLEFOWL: A SPECTROGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION AND THE CODE OF COMMUNICATION NICHOLAS E. COLLIAS
http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v089n03/p0510-p0524.pdf
I stripped out all but the essentials, however, every growl/whine/purr/etc. is described in extensive detail (in context-illustrated by sonograms) in the linked paper. Collias made his observations of, and performed his sonograms on, the flock of Red Jungle Fowl that used to be maintained at the San Diego Zoo.
1. Rising pitch (pleasure) vs. falling pitch (distress) (chicks)
2. Clear tones (attract) vs. white noise hiss (repel)
3. Low pitched (attract) vs. high pitched notes (repel)
4. Brief notes (attract) vs. long notes (repel)
5. Soft notes (attract) vs. loud notes (repel)
6. Slow to fast repetition rate of notes (increased stimulus intensity)
7. Regular to irregular repetition of notes (increased stimulus intensity)
8. Gradual onset of call (set to respond) vs. abrupt onset of call (startle)
9. Steady tones (secure) vs. wavering tones (disturbed)
10. Consistent number of notes (stereotyped) vs. inconsistent number of notes (flexibility)
Specific calls (see paper for details, i.e., chevron calls/intergradiation of calls), each is comprised of signals (vocalizations) appropriate to a given context.
1.Chick calls expressing insecurity or security
2. Attraction calls of hen to chicks
3. Attraction calls of a cock to hens
4. Calls of well being or contentment by adults
5. Adult calls of mild disturbance
6. Warning calls announcing a predator on the ground or perched
7. Warning announcing a flying predator
8. Aggressive calls
9. Crowing
When our girls were still pullets on the `learning curve' I observed the following behavior (increased chance of advantageous foraging by means of `delay' of gratification, i.e., `malice aforethought'). One pullet had managed to take down a large, `armored, Tree Boring beetle. As it worked to tear off the wing covers and get at the `meat', two other pullets, nearby, continued to pick at vegetation and made no move to `share' the `bugged' pullet's feast. When that pullet finally made her way through the beetle's shell, the other two pullets rushed her and one made off with it, and the chase was on.
Collias makes reference to something similar in vocal signaling:
The observations of behaviors (vocal or otherwise) that might suggest a degree of `delay' of gratification - `planning', could indicate a certain `presence' of `mind' that is not often considered part of the lowly chook's armamentarium; though some rooster's penchant for attacking from ambush is well known and reported in the forum, weekly. That there also exists a certain `elasticity' in vocal signaling owing to `intergradiation' is also curious (not absolutely required for survival). If not stressed, a foraging flock's `yap' exhibits chook `sophistication' (and, no, athropomorphism need not apply).
Now, insofar as the `species' making the observations, and doing the judging? I'll just link to the thread regarding the `fear' ot the tic-tac-toe chicken...
https://www.backyardchickens.com/t/610286/this-american-life-a-chicken-expert-witness
ed:formatting
http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v089n03/p0510-p0524.pdf
I stripped out all but the essentials, however, every growl/whine/purr/etc. is described in extensive detail (in context-illustrated by sonograms) in the linked paper. Collias made his observations of, and performed his sonograms on, the flock of Red Jungle Fowl that used to be maintained at the San Diego Zoo.
1. Rising pitch (pleasure) vs. falling pitch (distress) (chicks)
2. Clear tones (attract) vs. white noise hiss (repel)
3. Low pitched (attract) vs. high pitched notes (repel)
4. Brief notes (attract) vs. long notes (repel)
5. Soft notes (attract) vs. loud notes (repel)
6. Slow to fast repetition rate of notes (increased stimulus intensity)
7. Regular to irregular repetition of notes (increased stimulus intensity)
8. Gradual onset of call (set to respond) vs. abrupt onset of call (startle)
9. Steady tones (secure) vs. wavering tones (disturbed)
10. Consistent number of notes (stereotyped) vs. inconsistent number of notes (flexibility)
Specific calls (see paper for details, i.e., chevron calls/intergradiation of calls), each is comprised of signals (vocalizations) appropriate to a given context.
1.Chick calls expressing insecurity or security
2. Attraction calls of hen to chicks
3. Attraction calls of a cock to hens
4. Calls of well being or contentment by adults
5. Adult calls of mild disturbance
6. Warning calls announcing a predator on the ground or perched
7. Warning announcing a flying predator
8. Aggressive calls
9. Crowing
When our girls were still pullets on the `learning curve' I observed the following behavior (increased chance of advantageous foraging by means of `delay' of gratification, i.e., `malice aforethought'). One pullet had managed to take down a large, `armored, Tree Boring beetle. As it worked to tear off the wing covers and get at the `meat', two other pullets, nearby, continued to pick at vegetation and made no move to `share' the `bugged' pullet's feast. When that pullet finally made her way through the beetle's shell, the other two pullets rushed her and one made off with it, and the chase was on.
Collias makes reference to something similar in vocal signaling:
The observations of behaviors (vocal or otherwise) that might suggest a degree of `delay' of gratification - `planning', could indicate a certain `presence' of `mind' that is not often considered part of the lowly chook's armamentarium; though some rooster's penchant for attacking from ambush is well known and reported in the forum, weekly. That there also exists a certain `elasticity' in vocal signaling owing to `intergradiation' is also curious (not absolutely required for survival). If not stressed, a foraging flock's `yap' exhibits chook `sophistication' (and, no, athropomorphism need not apply).
Now, insofar as the `species' making the observations, and doing the judging? I'll just link to the thread regarding the `fear' ot the tic-tac-toe chicken...
https://www.backyardchickens.com/t/610286/this-american-life-a-chicken-expert-witness
ed:formatting
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