The bucket and water jug container:
 
Easy, pond aerator..... stick a small air block ( like those you see in aquariums) you can get them in a variety of shapes and a small air pump, place the pump in a protective box to ensure it itself doesn't get wet and the air will agitate the water enough to prevent freezing....
 
OR
 
you can go to lowes, home depot or 
amazon and buy a smaller pond rated aerator.  the chickens at first may shy, but they get used to it.   I can only guarantee this will work in my VA climate or better... in extreme freezing I can personally say I have not tested, but people all over have and do use it as most feel its safer and cost way less to run as a heater.
 
OR
 
You can buy a bucket heater if you feel like not risking this
 
 
 
The tube waterer:
 
They have heating cable you can wrap around pipes and insulate.  it have a thermostat on the beginning and if pressed up against it, IT SHOULD detect when the water gets to freezing and turns on just enough to keep it above.  I would suggest protecting the cable from pecking chicken beaks.....