We make a profit selling organic eggs, but then we have 2500 hens. We make $8-$10 per bird per year selling eggs wholesale to an organic cooperative. We do not have transportation or marketing costs. We produce eggs and the cooperative takes care of the rest.
That $8-$10 is what is left after paying for everything except assets, i.e., pullets, feed, electricity, propane, repairs and maintenance, farm insurance, mortgage interest, property taxes. Part of that $8-$10 profit goes to pay the note on the hen house, which is an asset that we have equity in which can be recouped if the farm is ever sold.
Our wholesale pay price has been from $1.75 - $2.00 a dozen. If a person has packaging, transportation, and marketing costs thrown in, then eggs would need to be at $3.00 a dozen or more to turn a profit from backyard eggs.
As others have said, keep costs down, and do some basic accounting to figure out where you are at. Even if you can just break even on a backyard flock, you are still way ahead; others are supporting your hobby.
Marketing, marketing, marketing. You need to find those people that are willing to pay $3 /dz or more and sell them on your eggs. Take your largest and best eggs, make them presentable by cleaning them and packaging them in an appropriate carton. Be able to make a good case as to why your eggs are worth the extra money, whether they are organic, all-natural, free-range, more humane, etc.
Besides our wholesale sales, my wife sells about 50 dozen a week for $3 / dz just by going door-to-door through the business districts in town. Once she built up a customer base she knew where the repeat customers were and she now pretty much runs the same route every week, using the cash from sales to do grocery shopping on the way home. These are normally Jumbo or Super Jumbo eggs packed in our own cartons stamped with our farm name and location. She has no trouble selling them. You need to get away from the rural areas though. Those in the rural areas tend to live more frugally and usually have no problem getting good eggs. Take your business to the city / suburban areas and market them.