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What is the true nature of the practice?
Many consider it turning loose the birds to go as they will. Thats the 'free' part, the one which seems to appeal the most.
They miss (or overlook) the 'ranging' element - which implies controlled conditions. A range for livestock/animals is not something haphazardly tossed before them. Take your average cow or horse, like I'm familiar with, for example. Their 'range' is monitored, at least, and isn't what I would call "free," by any stretch.
But what seems to happen with chickens, if posts here at BYC are any measure, is the owners either miss some crucial element of the ranges nutritional makeup, or they discover too late that free also means freely accessible.
In the former, it is imagined that the range can make up the entire diet of the bird and turning them loose to "free range" gives them all they need. We know that isn't so, in the main, and soon someone is asking if free range chickens..."are supposed to eat so much feed?...."
In the latter case, predators show up - the balance of the ecosystem is unhinged ... and posts expressing shock or dismay soon follow here at BYC. Pretty soon, were hotly debating the merits of traps or poison and the thread gets locked. Not good in either case.
Now, there are those who simply open the gates, the birds essentially on their own thereafter. There is usually a feeder in the picture, though. In the end, the smart birds evade predators (or not), they all get by and it is a way to manage chickens. For those with the space, plenty of birds to make up for losses and the right attitude about those losses, it is enough.
I wasn't getting that the OP wanted to go there, however. He or she seemed a bit more intent on results, just starting out. I would hate for that person to have found out some of this stuff the hard way. Better to get them birds under control at the outset and then go from there, you know?
Does that help?