helps allot, I kinda thought it had something to do with old breads.Depending on where you ask, that question can cause a lot of arguments. The precise definition of heritage depends on who you ask and that persons viewpoint on any number of chicken subjects.
Fortunately, this is the Indiana BYC thread. Everyone can have an opinion, and is encouraged to.
My personal view on the subject is that a heritage breed is any breed with an historical context. (Where that history kicks in is usually the cause for 'discussion'). There is usually a tie to some sort of breed standard also. This immediately eliminates hybrids and mixed breed chickens. Nothing wrong with them, they just aren't 'Heritage'. A lot of people also dismiss most hatchery stock also because they don't match this or that breed standard.
On this thread, probably the most common time you will hear about a 'Heritage' breed is with Rhode Island Reds. There has been a pretty clear divergence from 'Hatchery' stock and 'Heritage' stock. I visited SallyinIndiana recently, and saw this first hand. I've seen quite a few RIRs from hatcheries. They tend to be decent sized, but not large chickens, an orangey red color, and prodigious layers of lots of brown eggs. Sally has gotten some Heritage RIRs in her flock and the difference is striking. The birds are much larger, and a deep rich dark mahogany red color. I don't believe they lay as well as the 'production reds', but they still lay quite a few eggs. They also match up in size and body type much closer to the standard established by the APA. I'm not saying one is better than the other, just that one or the other can be better for a particular person, depending on their wants and needs.
I have chosen to concentrate on two breeds that meet my definition of 'heritage' and one that is probably not. Mottled Javas, Crested Cream Legbars, and American Bresse.
The Mottled Javas would not be disputed by anybody as a heritage breed. Java's are the second oldest American breed and are listed in the Standards of the APA (American Poultry Association).
Crested Cream Legbars could be disputed by some as not a heritage breed because they are not in the APA standard. But they were developed in the UK in the 1930s and have a good history and a breed standard in the UK. However, they are recent imports to the US, and have a group actively working on a standard to be proposed to the APA.
American Bresse are also recent US imports without an APA standard. Poulet de Bresse are a historical breed of France, but the line from the US back to the original french chickens is a bit less clear than that of the CCLs. This is why they are called 'American' Bresse. This makes their status murky.
Hope this helps.
I never heard of or seen the Mottled Javas or the American Bresse, but I'm sure they are pretty.