The judging system changed way back when. Decades ago, each bird was given a card, perhaps, with points cut from the 100 ideal score for faults found. So much "cut" for comb, for back line, etc. The winner would often be a really great bird with a score of 94 points. Today, there is no score earned per se.
Now, the judge is merely looking to place a bird as Best and another bird as Reserve. Then, he'll often start numbering them in order, such as #2 then #3 then $4 and so on down the line, if there are even that many birds entered of the same breed and variety.
Remember too that some birds don't get judged because the bird didn't "show", and the judge just may write DNS for did not show on the coop tag and move along. That means the bird just "hunkered" or sulked in the cage and didn't display worth a nickle. In a large show or a show with a large field, the judge may have to judge as many 300 or more birds in a large class such as the Americans or English class. It's a lot of work, for certain. I know, for example, that my bird only gets 5 seconds to dance and flash it's stuff before the judge when he comes to it's coop. Some really great birds simply will not show while other so so birds have a knack for really displaying themselves and "showing off" for the judge. It has to be quick and it has to impress.
You'd like to believe in a judging where every last bird is pulled from the coop, handling and judged. The sheer time it takes with super large fields makes that unlikely. The judge has to complete his work in a few hours and so, must move on with the task at hand. Basically the birds are judged against the standard but also judged against the competition in front of the judge.
Often, the field is so small that birds get awarded BV, RV quickly even though they are not good birds. Why? Because the judge can only place what is in front of her/him. If there are only 4 Barred Rocks, the judge can quickly pick his BV and RV and move along, writing #2 and #3 on the only other coop tags. It's a comparison type judging, not relying heavily upon the old point system of bygone days, although most of us still use that language of "cut" for this and "cut" for that fault.
Just my experience and YMMV.