Tara you HAVE to read this book!Tara
Don't get wrong I DO PREFER THE HERITAGE BREED 10,000 MORE THE INDUSTRIALIZED HYBRID.
BUT I don't love the "morality package " the come in.
First I really don't like (I didn't choose worse words ) the word "humanely" because it suppose to represent, compassion and mercy, but the opposite is the truth! The biggest atrocities ih history (the Holicost, " Shoa", Gingis Chan, Stalin regime ect, ect) have been made by Humans and not Animals!
Second the ACT of domestication itself is not merciful OR "HUMAEIN " taking a bird that lay 30 eggs annually and make it lay 180 or 200 a year is cruelty, or making an animal lactate all year long is cruel also.
Don't get me going on supposed "HUMANE" being good...some cases, the homosapien can be more than kind, caring and admirable...and then again...not so much...![]()
Like the original reason for chickens...blood sports...yeh, wonderful, pit animals in situations where their acting badly is encouraged and make money off of their misery...jolly! :/
Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia, with some additional input from grey junglefowl. Domestication is believed to have taken place between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago, and what are thought to be fossilized chicken bones have been found in northeastern China dated to around 5,400 BC. Archaeologists believe domestication was originally for the purpose of cockfighting, the male bird being a doughty fighter. By 4,000 years ago, chickens seem to have reached the Indus Valley and 250 years later, they arrived in Egypt. They were still used for fighting and were regarded as symbols of fertility. The Romans used them in divination, and the Egyptians made a breakthrough when they learned the difficult technique of artificial incubation. Since then, the keeping of chickens has spread around the world for the production of food with the domestic fowl being a valuable source of both eggs and meat.
Keep in mind, the human was a hunter/gatherer, not too good at it either...now we are like a plague upon the Earth...thinking the world is only for our use...HA!
We as a species, went from stumbling about finding things to eat or animals to slay...to where we gathered and kept some of our seeds back for spring planting (them women, wanting a nest lined with feathers and provisions!) and have taken wild beasts and domesticated them.
Given our success (too much in my opinion, too many of us now...why we need to figure out how to feed all of us...in test tubes and petri dishes...soy bean and other concoctions!), I would have rather we toned it back a bit. We as always, seem never to know when enough is good and to stop. Domestication has gone WAY over the top...
I get that a wild Red Junglefowl would hate confinement...would not take to domestication well. And with under thirty eggs (likened to my Black Swans, eh!) per year and that skinny body...the RJF would not be a choice to keep. And there we humans are, we domesticated a bird to become our chicken, duck, goose, turkeys, pheasants...for meat and eggs and so they would thrive and be kept from being eaten by other predators. Our captive prey became domestic to be harvested at will and as our personal amusements.
And at the point of the heritage chickens...I figure we should have come to a full STOP. Not kept at it to where we need to debeak them, keep them in areas the size of one sheet of paper and less...
http://www.fiapo.org/newsandevents/wired-cages-in-poultry-farms-killing-hens-in-india-shows-survey/:
24 Feb 2017 - Wired cages in poultry farms killing hens in India, shows survey
Each cage has a 67-sq inch space, which is less than a single sheet of paper measuring 94 sq inches.
A survey of 20 poultry farms on the outskirts of Mumbai and Pune in Maharashtra, Hyderabad and Haryana by between August and December 2016 revealed confining hens in such cages not only leads to a number of deaths, but also leaves them bleeding, with sores, cracked and deformed feet owing to the wired floor of the cages. Some of them were also found to be missing feathers and suffering from abrasions and skin irritations.
In 2012, the AWBI issued an advisory and recommended the Union environment ministry adopt the draft Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (egg laying hen) Rules and phase out battery cages for egg-laying hens by January 2017. Section 11 (1) (e) of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 prohibits confining birds in battery cages. However, the policy has not been adopted yet.
“We found four to eight hens crammed in a cage which was no bigger than two A4 sheets of papers. Urine and faeces of overcrowded cages stacked on the top falls on the birds in cages below,” said Amruta Ubale, executive director, Animal Equality. “Even in 2017, there is no sign of phasing out these illegal battery cages. All countries in the European Union (EU) have banned the cages. But India is yet to make a policy decision on it.”
I get why we domesticated livestock and poultry...
Humans needed to raise their own food and given the alternative of us running wild in nature areas chasing WILD beasts and birds...bow and arrow with loin cloth anyone???![]()
I far, far rather we bred our food, our meat sources and eggs, diary and such...for animals that could thrive and be happy in our domesticated environments. Wild turkeys, my Mandarin ducks...even the Sheldducks...they are not going to enjoy intensive quarters...these ones get larger pens and we don't bother them past providing what they need to live in our confined spaces. I cannot imagine it would be nice for a heritage chicken or turkey to be kept by us if they were not bred for captivity. The heritage versions, they thrive and we enjoy them and they enjoy being kept by us. Good good!
The history of agriculture records the domestication of plants and animals and the development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least eleven separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin.
Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 20,000 BC. From around 9,500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops, emmer and einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax were cultivated in the Levant. Rice was domesticated in China between 11,500 and 6,200 BC, followed by mung, soy and azuki beans. Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 13,000 BC, followed by sheep between 11,000 and 9,000 BC. Cattle were domesticated from the wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and Pakistan around 8,500 BC. Sugarcane and some root vegetables were domesticated in New Guinea around 7,000 BC. Sorghum was domesticated in the Sahel region of Africa by 5,000 BC. In the Andes of South America, the potato was domesticated between 8,000 and 5,000 BC, along with beans, coca, llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs. Bananas were cultivated and hybridized in the same period in Papua New Guinea. In Mesoamerica, wild teosinte was domesticated to maize by 4,000 BC. Cotton was domesticated in Peru by 3,600 BC. Camels were domesticated late, perhaps around 3,000 BC.
We need to administer some "act of domestication" if we are to keep chickens and turkeys period. The wild versions, would be as miserable and potentially MORE miserable if we did not tame the beasts down a bit.
Given a choice...domestication to the "heritage" and "primitive" (like my Jacob sheep are...a primitive sheep breed!) state in the situation that I keep them in...that is better than me out chasing wild things in the wilderness to stuff in my pie hole...my thoughts, eh.![]()
I am not going to stop eating meat and eggs, so I prefer to keep creatures that can be kept happy and healthy to enjoy a reasonably good existence until I decide to consume them I guess. Wicked me, the human protein seeker!![]()
Doggone & Chicken UP!
Tara Lee Higgins
Higgins Rat Ranch Conservation Farm, Alberta, Canada
you can find it in English too
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapiens:_A_Brief_History_of_Humankind
He said that the plant an animal we have domesticated actually. ......... Domesticated US!! We became stationary house inhabitants and
Given up ouer nomadic way of life BECAUSE the plant domestication!
And in an Evolutionary point of view the CHICKEN , CORN, WHEAT and other hit the jackpot by using us, with all ouer technology ect as their gene dispersers! With almost 20 billion chickens around the world they certainly did!
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