Quote:
it's really complicated
there are *lots* of ways to be employed here
- regular employee where taxes are withdrawn before you see the check
- contract or 1099 employee where you get the full amount and you're responsible for paying all your own taxes
- self employed where you are your own business, get money from your clients and have to pay your own personal and business taxes
and a bunch of other stuff too.
if your taxes are withheld, you can determine the level of withholding generally based on the number of people you're supporting (spouse, minor kids, etc.) when you file your taxes, if that estimated withholding was less than you owe, you have to pay the balance. if it was more than you owe, you get a refund.
some folks deliberately have the withholding set high so they'll always get a refund - sort of like a forced savings account without the benefit of making any interest. but then they don't have to worry about coming up with a payment after they file.
to make it more interesting, there's federal taxes, state taxes, sometimes county or city taxes too. federal taxes are based on your income. the other entities may or may not base it on your income. here in MO, there's a county tax on the value of what you own (car, land, livestock, gold nuggets... ) that is assessed once a year, but no county income tax. some states have sales taxes instead of income taxes.
then there's deductions. tax law might allow for you to deduct interest paid on a home loan from your gross wages before taxes are calculated. what this does is lower the gross, and since the percentages are stepped by the amount of your gross, it might put you in a lower percentage tax bracket. for instance if you made $100,000, and spent $10,000 on interest on your home loan, your adjusted gross is $90,000, and that might lower your federal tax bracket from, say 30% to 25%... (ok, I'm just making up numbers here, but you get the idea.) you get to deduct a set amount for things like dependent kids, and for certain expences, for instance if your medical costs out-of-pocket (not covered by insurance) are > 10% of your income.
there are *thousands* of pages of tax law, and a whole industry built on figuring out what you owe, and how to owe less next year.
so let's just say, No Wonder you're confused. we are too.