They are not on any list, State or Federal as being protected... If you shot a chicken while pheasant hunting would you include that in your bag limit too? No... If I shot a non native species to the US, I would keep shooting til my real bag limit is filled... They are considered as the exotics are in Texas, ie: Fallow deer, feral goats, etc, they are non native and non regulated species. Meaning no game value... Will that change? Possibly, but as for now they are not protected anywhere in the US. If they were to be protected in one state and not another then they would have to rewrite the rules to include them on the Federal Migratory Bird Act, but only for that State... Just a mess Government won't wanna deal with.
They would also have to say Mandarins can be bought and sold without any permit at all, unless you are dealing with CA. Then you have to have the Fed License like you would all other native species, but only in CA! Just a couple examples. I'd love to see flocks of Mandarins coming into my decoys, though, That would be a sight to see! I too have toyed with the idea of releasing as many birds as I could every year right after hunting season to try and establish a population on the local river... Not legal and prob not a good idea to introduce the non native species to compete with what is already existing. Example: Mute Swans on the East Coast...