I am a local truck driver and put out feed and water by five A.M and I am usually home after 6 P.M. I have some 13 week old pullets wintering in my brooder tractor. I am using a cat pad heated for six minutes placed on a solid concrete block with a quart water on it to keep the water liquid. The other morning it was 12° plus the wind chill and the high was 26/28. The water even on that day was not frozen it only had a very thin (just touch with finger to break) layer of ice when I got home at 9 P.M. the water sits in the run under the raise coop of this tractor.
I will see how cold it works to as winter goes on, but for now it works and beats an extension cord and heated bowl.
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