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You're right, someone who steals a pet isn't going to check them for a chip. However, many vets now automatically scan any new pets coming into their clinic/ I know the one I work for asks if the pet is microchipped as part of the history they take during the initial exam, and regardless of the answer we scan the pet to make sure they really don't have a chip or to make sure that the microchip number matches the number that the owner has for that animal (if they have a number...we also like to put the microchip number in our computer as part of the animal's identifying information).
More importantly, if you find your animal and the person who has it claims that it is theirs a microchip provides irrefutable legal PROOF that the animal is YOURS. You can call the authorities and insist that they scan the animal to prove that it is not your stolen animal.