Pyrethrin is naturally occurring and doesn't last long past the initial spray. It becomes ineffective after a day or 2 really so its great for direct use like on a chickens skin or getting rid of some mites in a area.
Permethrin is a synthetic version of Pyrethrin made strong (10% pure) in lab and its slightly more toxic but not deadly. They make stronger versions up to 36% for zoos and large animals. It lasts far longer too (up to a week, sometimes 2 weeks, depending on spray concentration) and its formula targets exactly what kills the mites and bugs on poultry and the pen. In short its an enhanced concentrated version of the natural stuff but its totally synthetic. Its been tested for many years and results are known.
We use this rule.
Pyrethrin ON THE CHICKENS, UNDER/ON STRAW BEDDING, ON PERCHES, etc.. when needed. For use on the chicks and whatever they directly contact.
Permethrin for the flies, walls and coup. Farmers use this stuff a lot on cows & horses. Doesnt effect them too much but it does affect chickens. Try not to get the synthetic stuff in their food and water. It wont kill them but it will cause severe crop dysfunction and ruin the bacteria in the gut. Its like a bomb compared to Pyrethrin which acts more like Neem oil.
Be warned - Permethrin transfers to the eggs that chickens lay alsmot 100% of the time, for up to a month after ONE SPRAY. This is well known. Keep the sythetic stuff away from their water and food at all cost. Try to use the sytheic stuff only as a "barrier" spray.