Nipple watering systems are as diverse as chicken coops.... LOL. Mostly a water reservior set some where convenient to access and either plumbing or a hose coming from the bucket down to a bar of PVC with nipples mounted on it.
I had considered this arrangement for myself using one reservoir and four separate bars with nipples and each one connected by hose. If you can glue PVC together you can make em. At the time I had four pens.
I was all ready to head to home depot to get the parts....Then I read some of the discussions on their practical use
https://www.backyardchickens.com/t/853014/nipple-watering
https://www.backyardchickens.com/t/607605/chicken-water-nipples-reviews
https://www.backyardchickens.com/t/399572/winterizing-nipple-waterers-update-really-no-one-knows
all you have to do is go up to the search bar at BYC and type in Nipple waterers.
While they are wonderful in many ways ease of cleaning always water available .... and on.
In some environments they may not be the best choice so weigh your situation well.
1. If they arent installed properly they will drip continuously
2. In cold climates some way to keep them from freezing is essential
3. IN hot climates they don't dispense enough water ... in my opinion...
Now I don't like regular founts either... they get gross and slimy and are hard to deal with ... heavy .... and even if they are the galvanized ones with a double wall .... organisms that grow in the water will propagate through out the whole waterer...
My climate is very hot... the waterers got gross quickly... so I went to a water tub that is three gallons and a Tank valve for constant filling. The tub waterers stay cooler but I keep them in the shade. Chicken wattles dip into the water when they drink when its hot.... a way to cool off.... Yes they poo in it and scratch dirt in it ... But all you have to do to clean it is dump it out and use a toilet brush to clean it. having air to access the water keeps the anaerobic bacteria at bay.... Green algae growing is a non issue... they are a sign that the water is good.
Blue green algae is not so the tub should be pulled and scrubbed... I use salt and no chemicals for cleaning. Blue green algae is not an algae but a Cyanobacteria... A bacteria that gets its energy through photosynthesis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria of which there are several species... Some are beneficial like Spriulina... Some are not and grow in very low oxygen and somewhat polluted water. If you have blue green algae growing in your water... you need to address the issue that is causing a good environment for it.
I have never had disease in my flocks. Good food and green leafy veggies are the best electrolytes sources to give your birds. It gets 110 here and all I ever provide is Shade Shade Shade... Good food good access to exercise and lock em up at night.
For what its worth I dont vaccinate for anything... But then again I am not raising show birds nor am I producing eggs for sale or birds for meat... except for my own consumption.
I have had chickens now for more than 25 years and I will be the first to tell you I am not an expert... Read up and use what applies to your situation. What works for me here in the Desert will not work for someone in Alaska...
deb