(This is part of the article - behind a paywall)
Virologists at Erasmus MC in Rotterdam have succeeded in designing a "universal" avian influenza vaccine. Unlike all other avian influenza vaccines, the Erasmus MC vaccine protects against not just one variant, but a wide variety of variants. This is evident from a study in which the vaccine was tested on ferrets. The results were published Wednesday in Nature. The follow-up study, which will test the vaccine's safety in humans, began this summer.
Molecular virologist and principal investigator Mathilde Richard calls the publication a "major milestone" in research that has taken more than ten years. This is partly due to the highly complex technique used, known as antigen mapping. The research group created a digital three-dimensional model to map all known avian influenza variants, also known as H5. "There was no global overview of which mutations the virus had undergone over the years," says Richard. “With this model we can see exactly how all existing variants differ from each other.”
The result is a digital model that resembles a solar system, with a center surrounded by virus variants. The further apart the variants are, the more mutations have occurred and therefore the less related they are. "This led us to the idea of designing a vaccine that targets the center of that solar system. If you give that vaccine to an animal that later becomes infected with one of the variants located at the very outer edge of the model, it also appears to protect against that variant," says Richard.
Source NRC