Never dealt with Coryza, but the search I did found this:
Treatment
Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, sulphonamides, tylosin, erythromycin. Flouroquinolones are bactericidal and might prevent carriers.
Source:
http://www.thepoultrysite.com/diseaseinfo/82/infectious-coryza
Not sure how legitimate the above site is.
And one of my books has this:
INFECTIOUS CORYZA
(Coryza)
DEFINITION
An acute or subacute disease of chickens, pheasants, and guinea fowl characterized by conjunctivitis,
oculonasal discharge, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, edema of the face, sneezing, and sometimes by infection
of the lower respiratory tract. Prolonged outbreaks are now believed to be outbreaks complicated by other
diseases, especially
Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection (chronic respiratory disease).
OCCURRENCE
Chickens are primarily affected, although the disease has been reported in pheasants and guinea fowl. All
ages of chickens are susceptible although most natural outbreaks occur in chickens that are half grown or older.
The disease is seen more frequently on chicken farms where facilities are used so intensively that they are never
free of chickens. The disease has a worldwide distribution. Infectious coryza does not occur in turkeys and
should not be confused with turkey coryza caused by
Bordetella avium.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION
Infectious coryza was believed to be a separate disease of chickens as early as 1920 but this was not
confirmed until 10-15 years later. The incidence of coryza has varied markedly. Presently coryza is a disease
of considerable importance, especially on multiage egg production complexes.
ETIOLOGY
1. The etiologic agent,
Avibacterium paragallinarum (formerly
Hemophilus paragallinarum and
H.
gallinarum
) is a Gram-negative, bipolar-staining, nonmotile rod with a tendency toward filament
formation.
A. paragallinarum requires V-factor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is available in
certain enriched medium (i.e. chocolate agar). It grows on blood agar (with a
Staphylococcus aureus nurse
colony) as dewdrop-like satellite colonies in a microaerophilic environment. V-factor independent isolates
have been described from South Africa.
2.
A.
paragallinarum is not a very resistant organism and will persist outside of the host for only a few days.
It is easily destroyed by many disinfectants and by environmental factors. The organism is susceptible
in
vitro
to many chemicals and antibiotics, including spectinomycin, neomycin, novobiocin, and tetracycline.
3.
A. paragallinarum is present in sinus exudate and is easily demonstrated in stained smears.
4. There are several strain classification schemes. The Page scheme recognizes three antigenic types (A, B, C)
of
A.
paragallinarum, although all types share certain antigens. Hemagglutinins produced by the organism
appear to be important antigens capable of inducing protection against infectious coryza. Bacterins are
available that allow limited protection to laying chickens. Bacterins also have a positive influence of the
success of chemotherapy.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Chronically ill or apparently healthy carrier birds are the major reservoirs of infection and readily transmit
the agent to susceptible chickens. Transmission probably occurs by inhalation of infectious aerosol coughed
into the air or through ingestion of contaminated feed or water. The etiologic agent can be transmitted by
fomites, although it soon perishes outside of the host. Recovered birds are frequently carriers.
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INFECTIOUS CORYZA
CLINICAL SIGNS
1. Usually there is a rapid onset and morbidity is high in the flock. Feed consumption, egg production or
growth are reduced noticeably.
2. There is oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis with some adherence of eyelids, edema of the face [
Fig. 1;
Coryza; AAAP
] (occasionally of the wattles [
Fig. 2; Coryza; AAAP]), respiratory noises, and, perhaps,
diarrhea. Later, some of the birds may have swollen infraorbital sinuses and/or exudate in the conjunctival
sac. There is considerable variation in the severity and length of course in flock outbreaks.
3. Respiratory signs usually persist for only a few weeks. Persistence of signs occurs when complicated by
fowl pox,
M. gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis,
Pasteurella sp., or infectious laryngotracheitis and
unthrifty birds will become apparent. Persistence of signs was once attributed entirely to strains of
A.
paragallinarum
of low virulence.
GROSS LESIONS
1. There is catarrhal inflammation of nasal passages and sinuses and nasal discharge often is apparent [
Fig. 3;
Coryza; AAAP
]. One or both infraorbital sinuses may be distended with exudate (similar distension can
occur with localized fowl cholera, pox, vitamin A deficiency, and staphylococcal infection).
2. There is conjunctivitis, frequently with adherence of the eyelids or with accumulation of cheesy exudate in
the conjunctival sac.
3. There often is edema of the face and, occasionally, of the wattles. In complicated cases there may be
tracheitis, pneumonia, or airsacculitis.
DIAGNOSIS
1. Typical history, signs, and lesions are suggestive of coryza, although other respiratory diseases of chickens
must be differentiated.
2. A smear of sinus exudate should be made and Gram stained. It should reveal Gram-negative, bipolarstaining
rods with a tendency toward filament formation and pleomorphism.
3. Aseptically collect sinus exudate and swab it on blood agar. On the same plate then make an S-shaped
streak of
S. aureus (use a strain that excretes V-factor), which will serve as a feeder colony. Incubate the
culture in a candle jar. Tiny dewdrop satellite colonies [
Fig.4; Coryza; AAAP] of
A. paragallinarum will
grow adjacent to the feeder colony. The organism can be further identified by biochemical means or by a
PCR test specific for
A. paragallinarum.
4. A nonpathogenic species,
Avibacterium avium, (
Hemophilus avium) may be cultured from the sinus, either
alone or with
A. paragallinarum.
A. paragallinarum is catalase negative and the nonpathogenic species is
catalase positive.
5. Put a small amount of sinus exudate in the infraorbital sinus of a few young susceptible chickens. Typical
signs and lesions develop in 3-5 days (rarely less).
6. Hemagglutination inhibition and immunodiffusion tests can be used to detect
H. paragallinarum antibodies
in serum. Both tests are serotype specific.
CONTROL
1. Depopulate, if necessary, to eliminate all carrier birds. Leave the premises vacant for a few days after
thorough cleaning and disinfection. Then restock with 1-day-old or other coryza-free chickens. Raise
them, insofar as is possible, in quarantine.
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INFECTIOUS CORYZA
92
2. Commercial bacterins can be used to immunize chickens and protect only for the serotype included in the
vaccine. All pullets to be housed on multiage infected farms should receive two injections of the bacterin
at 3-week intervals prior to being placed on the farm. The first vaccination should be given after the birds
reach 14 weeks of age.
4. Controlled exposure of pullets prior to the onset of lay is sometimes used but has not been widely accepted
by the poultry industry. Vaccination with bacterin 2 weeks prior to controlled exposure is sometimes used
to improve immunity, reduce the severity of infection, and provide cross-protection against other serotypes.
TREATMENT
Various sulfonamides and antibiotics have been used, usually in feed or drinking water. Birds usually
respond to treatment but relapses may occur when treatment is discontinued. Erythromycin and oxytetracycline
are commonly used in layer operations.
-Kathy