I've never had a chicken that responded to their name, but I never really tried either.
I often give names to chickens or any other livestock animals just because it's an easy way to refer to them. (Faster to say or write "Basalt" than to say or write "the Barred Plymouth Rock hen with fuzzier barring than the others have.")
My names are often like nicknames based on something about the chicken. Examples: Goldie for feather color, Red for legband color, Biter for behavior, Goldie's Daughter for who her mother was.
Sometimes I'll just pick anything that sounds good or that occurs to me at the time, including foods, flowers, human names, mythological names, etc.
Some chicks get names when very young, others get named later when something stands out about them. Some get butchered without ever getting names. I occasionally give group names ("the Barred Rocks" or "Goldie's Daughters"), which sometimes turn into individual names if I butcher, rename, or rehome all but one of the group.
), and every one of them has his or her own name. Mostly name names; Athena, Reuben, Mavis, Pete, etc. but with some oddballs thrown in, like my old, old girl She Who Sleeps Standing Up. I can't say that they all know their names, however, as I'm a serial nicknamer with my animals. My cat, Casper, for example, is much more often called Fluffy Man, or Mr. Puff, or Puff Pants, or Mr. Cat, etc. etc. etc. than he is called by his actual name. With my chickens, it's 'sweetheart' or 'big guy' or 'you dummy' or 'darlin' or something else in that vein, all said with the most loving of intentions of course. 
I think the ones I interact with the most get to understand what their actual names are eventually, but, other than that, my habits don't exactly help with them knowing what their names are so those names are more for my benefit than for the birds'. As others have said, though, they can learn to recognize a given name as much as a dog or cat does.
