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First and foremost, when getting ready to get geese, please do not plan on getting only one. I see a lot of people thinking they just want one and it will be fine living with their ducks, or they want to get one to 'guard' their chickens. Geese are very social and really do need to have a companion of their own species, and I know this from experience after accidentally owning just one goose for two years.
- How much space does geese need?
Geese, being bigger than chickens and ducks, need more space than they do. I would say allow at least six square feet per goose in the coop, and make their run as large as you can. They are grass eaters, so the more grass they have access to eat, the happier they will be, and the lower your feed bill will be. I'd say at least 20 square feet per goose, and more if possible.
- What breed(s) are good for beginners?
Any breed that's on the gentle and docile side would be good for beginners. Smaller breeds might be easier for beginners too. I breed Roman Tufteds, which are the smallest domestic breed, and they are gentle, docile, friendly little geese, and would be good for beginners from what I have experienced. Sebastopols are also a smaller goose and are known to be friendly and docile, so they may be a good choice as well. Americans are a calm breed, and would also be a good choice.
- Are geese easy or hard to keep?
Geese are pretty easy keepers. If you can keep chickens or ducks, you can keep geese (as long as you're okay with the occasional bouts of noisy honking). Really, all they need is a coop, a roomy, grassy, run, feed, and a pool to swim in, and they will be happy.
- Getting started with goslings or mature birds, which is better?
I started with goslings, and I'm glad I did. It's a little extra work at first, but really they're no harder to raise as babies than ducklings are. Starting with goslings allows you to bond with them when they are small, and they might even imprint on you. All my geese that I currently have, I raised from goslings.
Adults have an advantage in that all you have to do is buy them and then turn them out in their coop and run, and that's it. Goslings take more work at first, but it's very rewarding to raise them from babies. Plus, goslings are the sweetest, cutest babies.
If, however, you don't care about having a bond with your geese or being hands on with them, then mature geese are easier and the way to go.