Marek’s vaccines are modified live virus, so they do contain virus that actually infects the bird. That’s because herpesviruses are not controlled by passive immunity, like the antibodies that your dog generates after a rabies vaccine. To control herpesviruses, the immunological cells, like T cells, need to be activated and trained to recognize the virus as an invader. Live viruses are much better at activating T cells so the vaccine is a weak strain of virus that infects cells, activates T cells, but doesn’t cause disease. The older vaccines (cell free HVT) have weaker virus that probably doesn’t spread to unvaccinated members of the flock. It’s true that the most effective vaccines, like the Rispens vaccine, probably do spread to unvaccinated birds. However, it’s still the vaccine strain so it still shouldn’t cause disease in unvaccinated birds. Vaccination can complicate testing if the feather dander is being tested for virus by PCR, so there are PCRs that specifically distinguish between vaccine and wild strains of MDV. That’s also why state lab necropsy testing looks specifically for the disease itself, rather than just testing for virus.
We have a mix of vaccinated and unvaccinated birds. So far, it’s only our unvaccinated birds that have shown disease, but they are also the ones that brought the virus to our flock. I’m guessing that recommendations about not mixing vaccinated and unvaccinated birds refers to a vaccinated flock that may mask that they have the virus, because the vaccine protects the birds from disease, but they can still have virus replicate and infect any unvaccinated, naive birds that are introduced. However, adding vaccinated birds that are not infected with wild type MDV should not be harmful to an unvaccinated flock.