Chickens require way more ventilation than you'd think at first. Birds have efficient respiratory systems, which is why they are more vulnerable to air quality problems than a similarly sized mammal.
Here's the best discussion of the ventilation requirements of chickens that I know of:
https://www.backyardchickens.com/web/viewblog.php?id=1642-VENTILATION
Bottom line, you should be figuring on about 1 square foot of ventilation per chicken in vents up high at the top of walls so they can be left open or mostly open during winter without drafts blowing on the chickens and chilling them. For summer, you'll want additional ventilation down at roost level to catch any breezes and cool the chickens off.
To cover vents, I use awning style flaps hinged at the top and held open with chains attached to the roof eaves. In the winter, I just put insulation inside the low vent and latch it closed for the duration.