This link has great info on how to give IM shots:
https://web.archive.org/web/2013092....com/products/en/denagard_12sol_poultry.shtml
Denagard12.5% Solution (Tiamulin)
Product information on this website is for Non-U.S. residents only and is provided by Novartis Animal Health Inc. for general purposes only. Many veterinary products listed are available upon prescription only, and not all such products may be available in all countries. The product information is not intended to provide complete medical information.SHOULD YOUR ANIMAL HAVE A MEDICAL CONDITION, PROMPTLY SEE YOUR OWN VETERINARIAN. WE DO NOT OFFER PERSONALIZED MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OR ANIMAL-SPECIFIC TREATMENT ADVICE. You should always obtain complete medical information about your veterinary product prescription (including their beneficial medical uses and possible adverse effects) by discussing the appropriate use of any veterinary product directly with the prescribing veterinarian.
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Premix
45% WSG
12.5% Solution
Product Type
Oral antibiotic intended for preventive and therapeutic use in pigs and poultry.
Description and Composition
DENAGARD 12.5% Solution is an aqueous solution containing 125 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate per ml of product. It is used for medication in drinking water.
Properties
Tiamulin is a bacteriostatic agent, belonging to the group of pleuromutilins and acts at the ribosomal level to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. It has a wide spectrum of activity but is particularly active against Brachyspira, Lawsonia and Mycoplasma species. Tiamulin belongs to a category of antibiotics which is not used in human medicine.
Indications
Treatment and prevention of Mycoplasma infections (enzootic pneumonia, chronic respiratory disease), pleuropneumonia and porcine respiratory disease complex.
Denagard is particularly indicated for the treatment of swine dysentery (B.hyodysenteriae)
Dosage and Administration
Pigs:
Indications
- Treatment of swine dysentery: 8.8 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight (equivalent to 10 ml DENAGARD 12.5% Solution per 142 kg bodyweight; inclusion level 0.006% tiamulin) for 3-5 consecutive days
- Treatment of PRDC (porcine respiratory disease complex): 15 – 20 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight (inclusion level 0.012% - 0.018% tiamulin) for 5 – 10 consecutive days
- Treatment of pleuropneumonia: 20 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight (inclusion level 0.018% tiamulin) for 5 consecutive days
Tiamulin (concentration in water in %)
Product
(in ml)
Water
(in liters)
Treatment
(in days)
Treatment swine dysentery
0.006
1
2.1
5
Treatment PRDC
0.012 / 0.018
1
1.0 / 0.7
5 - 10
Treatment pleuropneumonia
0.018
1
0.7
5
Chickens:
Turkeys:
- Prevention of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and air sacculitis: 12.5 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight
- Treatment of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and air sacculitis: 25 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight
- Prevention of infectious sinusitis and air sacculitis: 12.5 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight
- Treatment of infectious sinusitis and air sacculitis: 25 mg tiamulin hydrogen fumarate / kg bodyweight
Indications
Tiamulin (concentration in water in %)
Product
(in ml)
Water
(in liters)
Treatment
(in days)
Prevention CRD / air sacculitis / infectious sinusitis
0.0125
1
1
3 days (1stweek of life); 1-2 days every 3-4 weeks
Treatment CRD / air sacculitis / infectious sinusitis
0.025
2
1
3 – 5
Withdrawal Periods
Withdrawal periods according to national registrations.
Special Precautions and Warnings
Do not administer ionophore anticoccidials (salinomycin, monensin, narasin) to pigs and poultry receiving therapeutic doses of DENAGARD. Pigs and poultry should not receive products containing ionophores during or for at least seven days before or after treatment with DENAGARD.
Formulations and Packages
DENAGARD 12.5% Solution
- 1 litre dispensing packs
COMBINATION THERAPY
Posted by Orestes Rios on July 15, 2011 at 1:28 PM
Sometimes, a dog will get 2 or more different bacteria infecting a wound, for which no "one" antibiotic will work. Other times, a particular antibiotic "should" work on the bacteria present, but the infection is so deep that the antibiotic can't penetrate effectively. In either case, the infection can worsen, and so combination therapy might be warranted.
First of all, any time you have an infection present that does NOT respond to a solid drug choice, like Clavamox or Cephalexen ... or especially Baytril or Cipro ... you ought to take your dog to the vet and ask him to run a CULTURE & SENSITIVITY TEST on the wound. Because if the solid antibiotics are not working, you could be dealing with a problem that requires a special antibiotic, or several bacteria that require combination antibiotic therapy, and a CULTURE & SENSITIVITY TEST will tell you exactly what bacteria are present and exactly which antibiotic(s) your dog needs. This can be absolutely critical, so if you EVER have a dog not respond to one of the stronger antibiotics, go to your vet to have this test run immediately.
However, if you are unwilling and/or unable to go to your vet, there are some general antibiotic combinations that work very well together, and there are some that don't. I will touch on some of the combinations that work, so that if you are out in the field and can't get to a vet you can put some good mixes in together.
ANTIROBE I BAYTRIL: This is a combination that would be a good choice for a deep bone infection or a deep dental infection that doesn't seem to respond to any "one" drug. A deep abscess that is unresponsive might be a reason to combine these two drugs.
BAYTRIL I CEPHALEXEN: This is a combination that would be a good choice for a deep tissue infection or even a deep bone infection that doesn't seem to respond to any "one" drug. Or use this as an attempt to try and cover "everything" if you have a persistent infection but have not identified the problem.
BAYTRIL I CLAVAMOX: This is a combination that would be a good choice for a deep tissue infection or even a deep bone infection that doesn't seem to respond to any "one" drug. Or use this as an attempt to try and cover "everything" if you have a persistent infection but have not identified the problem. * Best Choice *
CLAVAMOX / GENTAMICIN: This is a combination that would be a good choice for a deep tissue infection, or you can use this as an attempt to try and cover "everything" if you have a persistent infection but have not identified the problem.
CLAVAMOX / METRONIDAZOLE: This is a combination that would be a good choice for a deep absess or a deep flesh infection that doesn't seem to respond to any "one" drug. Metronidazole is a very penetrating drug, and allows the Clavamox "access" to cell entry in an abscess that it might otherwise not have used on its own. Metronidazole also gets some specific anaerobic bacteria of its own, while Clavamox is broader-spectrum, but the two work synergistically together.
Remember, though, troubleshooting like this is a poor substitute for getting a Culture & Sensitivity test and using exactly the recommended drug(s). Further, it is unwise to make combination therapy like this "standard practice"; use such therapy only in EXTREME CIRCUMSTANCES, when nothing else seems to be working. In other words, don't even consider combination therapy unless you have a serious problem. Just stick to standard choices if you simply have a fresh wound, and these should suffice quite nicely.
Some Final Words Finally, some injectable antibiotics will be in dry powder form in their vials and you must mix them into a liquid. Do not use anything other than what the label says to use. If it says use "sterile water for injection" do not use " 0.9% saline solution" - or vice versa. The local pharmacy will carry these dilutents and they are cheap. Also, ALL antibiotics should be given with PLENTY OF WATER for the dog to drink. A dog being well hydrated is critical for the antibiotics to be transported effectively in the bloodstream! If you are giving antibiotics to a dehydrated dog, they won't work! This is why giving antibiotics in conjunction with IV Fluid Therapy is considered Best Practice.
I will say this one last time, hopefully to drill it in: USE THE RIGHT DRUG FOR THE RIGHT PURPOSE. In other words don't use Penicillin for a deep ear infection, use Clavamox. Don't use Baytril for a fresh bite wound, use Amoxicillin or Penicillin. Get the idea? Always start by giving the lighter antibiotics immediately after a wound as a prophylactic (preventative), and you should never need to use one of the Big Boys. If you do get a dog which starts to get infected anyway, then move to a mid-grade antibiotic. Only if an infection persists in spite of a solid antibiotic like Clavamox or Cephalexin should you pull out the heavier artillary and move to a Baytril, etc. And if this happens, again, Best Practice calls for a Culture & Sensitivity Test at this point.
But, just winging it, if I personally had to choose only 2 antibiotics to have in the field, I would chose Clavamox and Baytril (or, in human form, Augmentin and Cipro). These 2 drugs are extremely effective by themselves, they're easy to come by ... and they combine well together to cover just about anything. So between them they can handle most any infection you will ever come across, either by themselves and especially when grouped together.
If you can only get "one" antibiotic, and you don't have any money to afford a complete medicine chest, then try to get Cephalexen, because it is good, it's available everywhere, and it is cheap. As dogmen we will most commonly use antibiotics for accidental bite wounds and Cephalexen can get the job done on its own 99% of the time.
