Chickens have a respiratory system dependent on multiple air sacks. Their lungs are fixed (do not expand or contract). If you break through into the forward air sack, you compromise the chicken’s ability to inhale and exhale: this leads to gasping and ultimately, expiring. Chickens have nine ballon like air sacks. The cervical air sack is a single sack - not paired, but the rest of the air sacks are paired. When you caponize, you only want to break into the abdominal air sacks, which are on either side of the bird. Below is a diagram showing the nine air sacks. (Each has a pair except the cervical air sack). Cutting too far forward puts you in the thoracic air sack. This is no bueno for your chicken. To get air to the fixed lungs, a chicken must inhale twice. It’s like a bellows, sort of. The air comes into an air sack. Another breath moves the air to the next air sack, and so on. A chicken is okay with a breach in both abdominal air sacks, but beyond that, he is not going to be able to catch his breath.
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