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This is an important question.
While the damage cannot be reversed, since destroyed nephrons cannot regenerate, it can be stopped. Don't put him on a low protein dry prescription 'kidney food'. Those are awful, and most cats refuse to eat them, and it doesn't actually do them any good. Instead, switching to a wet diet with a phosphate binder is what your cat needs. Wet = moisture, which your cat needs, which is why many cats with renal failure need subQ fluids. Phosphate is very hard for damaged kidneys to eliminate, and protein (i.e. the meat in wet food) is very high in phosphate, a phosphate binder takes this off the kidneys and instead phosphate is eliminated in the stool. But a wet diet will keep your cat eating (important) and also hydrated (important) and aid in management of his renal disease.
I suggest starting research on the matter. There are many resources out there that can prove that something like a science diet renal dry food is the worst thing you can give a cat with renal failure.