It's frowned upon for repetitive breeding of siblings generation after generation. Breeding siblings is fine. Much like father to daughter or mother to son mating you are doubling down on strengths but also have chances of producing unwanted recessive traits. The reality of it is everyone starts with a few birds and of those even less have the desired traits we want to continue so this inevitably leads to close relation mating in the first few years. What can you do about it? Hatch a lot then hatch more! You are not going to get the quality you want in numbers to properly line or spiral breed until you mass produce enough chicks to then cull down to breeders. You effectively reduce the gene pool for the desired traits in as many birds as you can then prolong vitality of the line by spiral (pen) mating or with a line breeding program. If you want 10 birds worth breeding then you must produce 100 chicks and only 50 of those will be pullets. Hatch, hatch and hatch some more.
Introducing new birds from different lines can be the worst mistake you'll ever make. People often have unwarranted concern of small gene pools and muddy the waters with new birds. If the birds are healthy and fertility is high then there is no need for new "blood" in your breeding. The two systems of breeding programs are meant to maintain that healthy line for a very long time. If hatchability suffers then try to find a bird from the same line you started with to deepen the gene pool without bringing in a potential world of troubles from a different line. Different lines don't always niche well together and it's a mess that can take years to straighten out until you narrow the gene pool again.
Introducing new birds from different lines can be the worst mistake you'll ever make. People often have unwarranted concern of small gene pools and muddy the waters with new birds. If the birds are healthy and fertility is high then there is no need for new "blood" in your breeding. The two systems of breeding programs are meant to maintain that healthy line for a very long time. If hatchability suffers then try to find a bird from the same line you started with to deepen the gene pool without bringing in a potential world of troubles from a different line. Different lines don't always niche well together and it's a mess that can take years to straighten out until you narrow the gene pool again.
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