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My coop is not insulated, except by some bales of hay on the windy side. I live in Alaska. I use a 75-watt red floodlamp, with an aluminum hood that comes with the ceramic socket as a set. I turn it on when the temps in Alaska are expected to drop below 5F or will be below zero, and I leave it on a timer for 12 hours, from 8 to 8. It is in the roost. THey would probably get by fine without heat, but it can get down to -30F, and that's just too cold for comfort, and it can be like that for days on end. It's good to give them a warm place to go, at those temps, if they need it. I am careful not to give them heat when it's not really cold, so they are adjusted to the temps in the "normal" winter range of 10-30 degrees F.
My breed is 10 sex link reds/blacks, and I'm getting 5-10 eggs daily because they're comfortable. We only have 5 hours of light a day here, so I have a 40-watt bulb on timer to make up 14 hours of daylight. I feed them 2 cups of scratch a day, and have 16% protein layer pellets available at all times. I give them leftovers and greens regularly. I leave the coop door open on nice days, but they stay inside and goof around in there. If you have a galvanized waterer, make sure it's heated so their combs don't stick to it and injure them. I heat mine with a block heater pad from the auto supply store, adhered to the bottom of a galvanized heater stand that came with the waterer (the original heater pad burned out after one season) with high-temp adhesive, and leave it plugged in 24/7. I've had several flocks over the years here in this climate, and this routine works great. No casualties so far, all happy!