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A few insights from having lived in South America for several years —— probably rambling.
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The dog and the cats at this farm have been spayed and neutered as appropriate. I insist on that. I also work with the neighbors to encourage spay/neuter to avoid the stray and street dog situation that unfortunately happens in Latin America.
A pack of dogs following a female in heat is NOT a pleasant sight, but happens all too often when people either don’t have the money or the education to spay their puppies. There is a local vet that specializes in spay/neuter, but they are a dog/cat vet, not a poultry vet.
There is something similar to an ag extension service here that gives required vaccinations to cows and also can coordinate vaccination of poultry vs. Newcastle disease.
I don’t take chickens to a veterinarian, and never have. If a cow needs to be dewormed, we administer the dewormer ourselves.
I keep amprolium and ACV (for light cases) on hand to control coccidia.
A bad local custom is to give an antibiotic when the problem is just coccidia which are a protozoan parasite. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a really bad idea.
I see caring for chickies overall as a situation where we humans work with the particular breeds or mixes of chickens to accentuate the positive aspects (strengths) of the chickens’ instincts, temperament, or size.
Examples:
Cornish Cross LOL - Meat quality - that’s their purpose. Temperament - really nice and sweet - Health - Lots of known problems.
Rocks or Wyandottes or even Marans - Meat quality - OK to good and can be selected for that - Temperament - mostly OK but cull the rascals and attack-roosters - Health - pretty good - Reproduction - Broody Hen or Incubator - Growing in popularity in the developing world.
Games - Meat Quality Not Much - Laying is a bit low - Temperament - Males need to be separated - Health - Superb - Reproduction - So much cuteness with those Babies! Very popular in Latin America and they are quite self-sufficient. Very broody.
Barnyard Mixes - They have a balance of egg-laying and meat qualities. Mixes with giant Naked Necks or Araucanas are popular in South America. Probably the most popular chickens here. Dual-purpose. Can be broody.
Brahmas and Cochins - these cute, large, and heavily-feathered breeds are gaining in popularity. Most ppl here treat these as dual-purpose and cull the less-satisfactory cockerels for meat. Slightly Broody for Brahmas to Broody for Cochins.
Sebrights, Polish, Silkies, and other bantams and crested breeds. These are gaining popularity in Latin America, especially in suburban areas and on small lots. I think they’re more likely to be brought to a vet than other breeds because they’re more often viewed as pets.
ISA Browns and Production Reds - These are the go-tos for commercial egg producers. People prefer large brown eggs in my location. I have occasionally seen dark or speckled eggs in commercial cartons, which tells me there might be a few Marans in commercial flocks.
Araucanas, Easter Eggers, etc. - Very popular in backyard flocks and as mixes that lay blue or green eggs. Eggs generally not commercial, but neighbors want them. They’re also a South American point of pride.
Leghorns, Minorcas, Anconas, Penedesencas, White Faced Black Spanish, etc. - Oddly enough, in a Spanish-speaking country, the Mediterranean breeds that lay white eggs haven’t really caught on. I sometimes see white commercial eggs, but not usually on random trips to the supermarket. I think broodiness is valued here, and the Mediterranean breeds want nothing to do with raising chicks. Peoole don’t want flighty chickens although they’re happy to deal with broodiness.
Rare Breeds - Deathlayers and Ayam Cemanis - these are only just now being introduced to Latin America. They are unaffordable for most.
I appreciate your input, thank you. Very interesting.