The Japanese Coturnix , Coturnix japonica, are the coturnix variety from which our domestic quail have been developed. They are sometimes considered to be a different species, but in fact is idential to the European Coturnix, also known as Coturnix coturnix.
All color varieties of the Japanese Coturnix are just colors rather than breeds of the Japanese Coturnix:
Pharaoh
Jumbo Brown
English White
Texas A and M
Manchurian Golden
British Range (Rosetta, Golden Range)
Dark Range (Tibetan)
tuxedo (in many colors as well)
Red Tuxedo
Red Golden
Fawn
There are no standards. People are confused with correct naming of these birds still. These birds are mainly used for aviaries, meat, and eggs. I believe there should be set standards, this and the Chinese Blue Breasted Quail (button quail).
Now the females are often larger than males, ideal weight...it varies among variety I suppose. The Jumbo Brown and Texas A and M are genetically altered (but what isn't though) for meat and egg production specifically so there are ideals for those. I breed for eggs and colors so if anyone wants to add in on the production part, feel free.