I live in Oklahoma and it’s going to be -10 F this weekend and generally below freezing for a while so I was wondering if I need heat lamps. We moved here recently so they’re in a coop that was already here and it’s basically just a shed so I’m not confident it’s going to hold heat itself.
What do you think the wild birds that overwinter in Oklahoma do to keep heat in? The Cardinals, Crows, Eagles, Woodpeckers, Nuthatches, Chickadees, Hawks, and such? They use their down, those fluffy bits of feathers near their skin. Chickens also have down. The advantage the wild birds have is that they get to pick their location. They are pretty much guaranteed to have great ventilation so moisture doesn't build up and they can position themselves out of any cold wind. We lock our chickens in coops so they don't always have the options to take care of themselves. So what does your coop look like? Does it have good ventilation yet protect them from direct wind?
-10 F (-23 C) is getting fairly cold. As long as they are able to get out of a wind they are not going to die but they might get frostbite on their combs and wattles, especially if your coop has poor ventilation and moisture can build up. Moisture can come from their breathing, their poop, or any open water. You do not need your coop to hold heat, you want it to get rid of moisture.
I do have one Bantam, not sure if that changes anything but I figure since she’s smaller it’ll be colder for her. Anyways I’m not used to the climate and am not sure if I should use heat lamps or not. I also have a flat floor heater that’s also a brooder but it doesn’t heat up as well as a heatlamp.
In my opinion there is nothing wrong with providing heat when it gets extremely cold as long as you can do it without starting a fire. There are some risks with any device that provides heat. To me, a heat lamp requires being firmly attached so they cannot knock it down. I would never rely on the clamp that comes with it, but instead I'd use wire or chain to securely hold it in place.
I do not provide any heat when it gets that cold and my chickens are OK, no frostbite. But some people do experience frostbite.