Tulsi | Ocimum sanctum
Linn.
Family-Lamiaceae | Causing paralysis of infected parasitic worms or death. | Carvacrol, Caryophyllene, Eugenol, Linalool, Urosolic acid, etc. 91 |
Chinaberry tree | Melia azedarach, Family- Meliaceae | Reacting with free proteins reduces the nutrients availability, thus larval death occurs due to starvation, or React with glycoproteins in the larval cuticle, causing death. | Spathulenol, Quercetin, Astragalin, 1,7,8-Trihydroxy-2-naphtaldehyde etc. 92 |
Papaya | Carica papaya,
Family-Caricaceae | Killing the parasite worms by eosinophils, attack on structural protein of parasite nematodes. | Papain, Cystatin, Chymopapain, Ascorbic acid, Tocopherol. 93 |
Black caraway | Nigella sativa, Family-Ranunculaceae | Inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes thus produces a defense mechanism towards the oxidants generated by the parasitic nematode. | Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, p-cymene, Carvacrol, Thymol, α-Pinene. 94 |
Sohphlang | Flemingia vestita, Family-Leguminosae | Causing paralysis of infected parasitic worms or death. | Formononetin, Genistein, Daidzein, Pseudobaptigenin. 95 |
Walnut | Juglans regia,
Family-Juglandaceae | It binds with the free protein of GIT of the host or interferes in energy generation of helminths, causing death of parasites. | Stearic acid, Palmitic acid, alpha Linolenic acid, Oleic acid, Catechin, Tannins. 96 |
Mimusops | Mimusops elengi, Family-Sapotaceae | Denaturation of proteins, produce defense mechanism, damages reactive oxygen species (ROS) properties. | Ursolic acid, Spinasterol, Taraxerol etc. 97 |
Pomegranate | Punica granatum
Family-Punicaceae. | Inhibit transformation of larvae from egg, produce inflammation of epithelial cells by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ and δ-dependent mechanisms | Ellagic acid, Cyanidin-3-glucose, Pelargonidin-3-glucose etc. 98 |
Embelia | Embelia ribes,
Family-Primulaceae | Paralysis of worms and reduces fecal eggs per gram (EPG). | Vanillic acid, Christembine, Cinnamic acid, O-cumaric acid, Embelin. 99 |
Epazote | Chenopodium ambrosioides,
Family-Amaranthaceae. | Paralysis of the parasitic worms. | Limonene, α-Terpinene p-Cymene, Camphor
Thymol. 100 |
Piliostigma | Piliostigma thonningii,
Family-Fabaceae. | It stimulates the neuromuscular junction of the parasite mostly and sometimes its effects to the ganglion and cause larval paralysis. | Alepterolic acid, Anticopalic acid, Clovane-2β,9α-diol etc. 101 |
Asparagus | Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus racemosus, Family-Asparagaceae. | Causing paralysis of infected parasitic worms or death. | Racemosol, Asparagamine, Folic acid. 102 |
White clover | Trifolium repens, Family-Fabaceae. | Paralysis of worms and reduces EPG. | Rutin, Quercetin, Myricetin
Kaempferol. 103 |
Fig | Ficus insipida,
Family-Moraceae. | Causing paralysis of infected parasitic worms or death. | Vomifoliol, Dihydrophaseic acid, Dehydrovomifoliol etc. 104 |
Squash | Cucurbita maxima, Family-Cucurbitaceae. | Inhibit transformation of larvae from egg, reduces EPG. | Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, β-sitosterol. 105 |
Ajwain | Trachyspermum ammi,
Family-Apiaceae or Umbelliferae. | Causing paralysis of infected parasitic worms or death. | Thymol, α-Pinene, α-Terpinene, β-Pinene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene. 106 |
Cinnamon | Cinnamomum zylanicum,
Family - Lauraceae. | Inhibition of the parasitic egg hatching inhibits the fourth stage of larvae motility. | Eugenol, Cinnamic acid
Cymene, Cinnamate. 107 |
Nutmeg | Myristica fragrans, Family -Myristicaceae. | Causing paralysis by inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase. | Myristicin, Eugenol, Safrole, Terpinene, Myristic acid. 108 |
Elecampane | Inula helenium, Family-Asteraceae. | Inhibitory effects on process of embryo development, paralysis by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. | Alantolactone, Inulin, Helenin
Stearoptene. 109 |
Clausena anisata | Clausena anisata, Family-Rutaceae. | Causing paralysis by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. | Coumarins, Linalool, Myrcene, Anethole, Lomonene etc. 110 |
Zanthoxylum | Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Family-Rutaceae. | Inhibition of the parasitic egg hatching prevents larvae from migrating. | Lomonine, Citronellal, Myrcene, α-pinene. 111 |
Annona | Annona squamosa, Family-Annonaceae. | Inhibition of the parasitic egg hatching inhibits cell division. | Anonain, OxophoebineIsocorydine, Reticulin. 112 |
False daisy | Eclipta prostrata, Family-Asteraceae. | Causing paralysis of infected parasitic worms or death. | Quercetin, β-Sitosterol, Luteoloside, Apigenin, Luteolin. 113 |