Still too stinkin' hot, but not quite as bad, eh?
Granny's gone and done it again
- Thread starter Granny Hatchet
- Start date
Im reading on another thread right now about there being a no in or out of any type of birds right now in Alabama due to an avian influenza virus.
Saw that too. I can't imagine the stress flock owners are going through...
you got a pm about this for me?
or do i have to research it all by myself??
Not yet. My documents on health topics are still very limited.
shouldn't health be the most important topic?
2nd to secured coops?
LOL
Do you have tarantulas there?
Asking ME for advice on a secure coop would like be asking an elephant how to perform heart surgery.... So that's why I'm doing health topics.
This is what I have on coryza so far...
All info is gathered from various sites and webpages including extension services, and any discrepancies have been researched so as such that the most up-to-date info I can find is in here.
Infectious Coryza
Infectious Coryza is an usually acute, sometimes chronic, highly infectious disease of chickens that is characterised by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, especially the nasal and sinus mucosae. It is caused by bacteria. Birds can be more susceptible if already infected with other respiratory viral or bacterial infections.
Infectious Coryza is caused by the bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum and is seen in many countries. It is especially prevalent in multi-age farms that are never depopulated. Morbidity is high but mortality near 20% unless complicated, in which case it may be up to 50%.
Coryza is primarily transmitted by direct bird-to-bird contact. In addition, birds can also catch the disease by breathing airborne bacteria and consuming contaminated feed or water. The disease can also be introduced when infected birds are brought into the flock. Birds that have recovered from the disease remain carriers of the organism and may occasionally shed the bacteria during their lives. Birds risk exposure at poultry shows, bird swaps, and live-bird sales. Outbreaks commonly result when infected birds that are not showing any signs of the illness are brought into a healthy flock. Infectious Coryza has an incubation period of 1-3 days followed by rapid onset of disease over a 2-3 day period with the whole flock affected within 10 days, resulting in increased culling. It is not egg transmitted. The disease can last as little as a few days or as long as a few months, particularly when secondary infections occur.
The bacterium survives 2-3 days outside the bird but is easily killed by heat, drying and disinfectants.
While there are reports of a similar disease in other birds such as pheasants and guinea fowl, there is considerable doubt if these non-chicken cases are associated with the same aetiological agent. Infection can spread slowly, with chronic disease affecting only a small number of birds, or rapidly, with a higher percentage of birds being affected. The disease occurs most often in adult birds.
Signs
A presumptive diagnosis may be made on signs, lesions, and identification of the bacteria in a Gram-stained smear from sinus. Confirmation is done by isolation and identification - requires X (Haematin) and V (NAD) factors, preferably in raised CO2 such as a candle jar. Serology: HI, DID, agglutination and IF have all been used but are not routine. Make sure to differentiate from Mycoplasmosis, respiratory viruses, chronic or localised pasteurellosis and vitamin A deficiency.
Treatment
Because coryza is caused by bacteria, antibiotics can be used to treat a flock. It is important to follow the labels on any medication. Although antibiotics can be effective in reducing clinical signs of the disease, they do not eliminate the bacteria from carriers. Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, sulphonamides, tylosin, and erythromycin are all good meds. Flouroquinolones are bactericidal and might prevent carriers.
Prevention
Stock coryza-free birds on an all-in/all-out production policy. Administer bacterin at intervals if history justifies; at least two doses are required. Commercial bacterins may not fully protect against all field strains but reduce the severity of reactions. Live attenutated strains have been used but are more risky. Controlled exposure has also been practised.
Vaccines are used in areas of high incidence. Birds recovered from one sero-type are resistant to others, while bacterins only protect against homologous strains.
All info is gathered from various sites and webpages including extension services, and any discrepancies have been researched so as such that the most up-to-date info I can find is in here.
Infectious Coryza
Infectious Coryza is an usually acute, sometimes chronic, highly infectious disease of chickens that is characterised by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, especially the nasal and sinus mucosae. It is caused by bacteria. Birds can be more susceptible if already infected with other respiratory viral or bacterial infections.
Infectious Coryza is caused by the bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum and is seen in many countries. It is especially prevalent in multi-age farms that are never depopulated. Morbidity is high but mortality near 20% unless complicated, in which case it may be up to 50%.
Coryza is primarily transmitted by direct bird-to-bird contact. In addition, birds can also catch the disease by breathing airborne bacteria and consuming contaminated feed or water. The disease can also be introduced when infected birds are brought into the flock. Birds that have recovered from the disease remain carriers of the organism and may occasionally shed the bacteria during their lives. Birds risk exposure at poultry shows, bird swaps, and live-bird sales. Outbreaks commonly result when infected birds that are not showing any signs of the illness are brought into a healthy flock. Infectious Coryza has an incubation period of 1-3 days followed by rapid onset of disease over a 2-3 day period with the whole flock affected within 10 days, resulting in increased culling. It is not egg transmitted. The disease can last as little as a few days or as long as a few months, particularly when secondary infections occur.
The bacterium survives 2-3 days outside the bird but is easily killed by heat, drying and disinfectants.
While there are reports of a similar disease in other birds such as pheasants and guinea fowl, there is considerable doubt if these non-chicken cases are associated with the same aetiological agent. Infection can spread slowly, with chronic disease affecting only a small number of birds, or rapidly, with a higher percentage of birds being affected. The disease occurs most often in adult birds.
Signs
- Facial swelling.
- Purulent ocular and nasal discharge.
- Swollen wattles.
- Sneezing.
- Dyspnoea.
- Stunted growth.
- Loss in condition.
- Drop in egg production of 10-40%.
- Inappetance.
- Catarrhal inflammation of nasal passages and sinuses.
- Conjunctivitis.
- Eye-lid adherence.
- Caseous material in conjunctiva/sinus.
- Tracheitis.
A presumptive diagnosis may be made on signs, lesions, and identification of the bacteria in a Gram-stained smear from sinus. Confirmation is done by isolation and identification - requires X (Haematin) and V (NAD) factors, preferably in raised CO2 such as a candle jar. Serology: HI, DID, agglutination and IF have all been used but are not routine. Make sure to differentiate from Mycoplasmosis, respiratory viruses, chronic or localised pasteurellosis and vitamin A deficiency.
Treatment
Because coryza is caused by bacteria, antibiotics can be used to treat a flock. It is important to follow the labels on any medication. Although antibiotics can be effective in reducing clinical signs of the disease, they do not eliminate the bacteria from carriers. Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, sulphonamides, tylosin, and erythromycin are all good meds. Flouroquinolones are bactericidal and might prevent carriers.
Prevention
Stock coryza-free birds on an all-in/all-out production policy. Administer bacterin at intervals if history justifies; at least two doses are required. Commercial bacterins may not fully protect against all field strains but reduce the severity of reactions. Live attenutated strains have been used but are more risky. Controlled exposure has also been practised.
Vaccines are used in areas of high incidence. Birds recovered from one sero-type are resistant to others, while bacterins only protect against homologous strains.
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