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I agree that unnatural heat is mostly never necessary.
I live in Alaska, and we've had a mild winter -- in the 40's during the day (unbelievable) and the lowest at night has been -14F. I have a 75-watt red floodlamp, the kind used for outdoor lighting, plugged into a timer. I only turn it on from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. when I see on the weather report that it will be less than 5 degrees or below zero on any given night.
The girls are always up running around in the morning, even when it's 5 degrees, and all eggs are laid before noon, everyday. I have 10 red/black sex links, and one broke her back and is crippled, and on cold nights I will put her on a special roost near the floodlamp, as she tends to roost alone close to the ground in a cold spot, which doesn't help her condition. I have a galvanized waterer (it's a pretty big one), and I dump 2 gallons of lukewarm water in every other day, and they never run out. I have it on the galvanized water heater stand that I retrofitted with a car block heater pad secured with thermo adhesive (the pads that come with the waterers always wear out in one season), and the water is never frozen. If I'll be gone for a a few days, I fill it up to the top, and it's seems fine when I get home. I have had nights in the past where it's been -35F, but not with this flock. And they all survived, and seemed fine. The main thing: heat galavanized metal waterers. If the chicken or rooster gets its comb or waddle wet while drinking and shakes it off near the tank, if it's too cold, the comb will stick to the tank and it's a bloody mess after that, not to mention the pain to the chicken.