Honestly if you really want a Golden, I would say to just go for it. One of the people in our neighborhood have two and they have this like tiny little post stamp, it’s smaller than our garage, but they make it work and are out walking them lots.
I’m not saying I necessarily recommend that, they also only recently moved in within the last couple years so dogs are older, but it can work. I’ve seen them in apartments even. It is possible with work.
The exercise is the biggest thing of course but you can do lots of training, puzzle games, scent work, etc. etc. and other such mental stimulation indoors which is very tiring for dogs and/or go on lots of walks and hikes and make it work. Even something like a 20 or 50 foot long line for outside could work too because you wouldn’t have to fence and they could run and get exercise, fetch, swim, etc.
Smaller dogs aren’t necessarily less energetic. Corgis need tons of exercise still and might be yappy being a herding breed. So if you really want one, I think it can work. Would it be possible to get involved in a dog sport like agility, nose work, obedience, rally or something like that? That could help tire it out too. If you get a truly small dog then you can exercise them in a hallway tbh but you say you don’t want a super small dog. Even Goldens can be stimulated that way too though. I won’t say exercise since it’s not really but will help. My friends throw the ball up and down the stairs tons for their crazy one lol