I think a fused nylon webbing band, something like what they use for seat belts and dog collars would work. The key would be to have some kind of very difficult fastener to hold it all together. I think it would be comfortable to wear, and extremely difficult to cut. I know when I have had to cut those kind of materials, it has required a sharp box knife and a good deal of force.
I think that any of the proposed solutions can be worked around. Nothing is going to be perfect. I would think, however, that solutions are out there. Most nursing homes/memory care facilities have these kind of issues. I also think that rethinking the facility might be needed. If you have angry, combative, escape driven residents in with the general population, you have an accident waiting to happen. If these people are in with people who know and can shut off alarms, something is going to happen. Many nursing homes, and care facilities have different "levels" which include more secure levels for at risk patients. You might have to get to this level with a key card or other code. This physical separation might be as simple as a set of doors that remain locked, or as complex as a whole wing for "difficult" residents.