I use three primary methods of composting.
First, I made a 3-bay compost system out of pallets. Once the first bay is full, I turn it every couple of weeks. After about 6 turns, I throw it into Bay 2 and start over with fresh material in Bay 1...etc etc. I use this material almost exclusively in my raised beds & flower beds.
Second, I got a roll of horse-fencing and made a big circle (about 8-10ft wide). The fencing is 4ft high. This is my dump pile that I only turn about twice a year (it is easily a half-day project). Since my bedding/manure comes quicker than my pallet system can handle, this is where I dump all materials I can't use at the moment. It is my SLOW compost pile. At the beginning of Spring I spread this all around my garden before tilling. It also gets leaves, shredded office paper, the occasional bucket of cow manure, coffee grounds, and spent garden plants.
Third, I direct sow bedding/manure onto my garden. I only do this in early winter (December, maybe mid-January--but not after that). This is usually fresh cow manure (compliments of my dairy farming neighbor, who also spreads it for me). It breaks down enough by Spring, and adds wonderful organic matter to my soil. You want at least 3% organic matter, but I prefer around 5% (some advocate 10%, 15%, or even 25%, but my local Extension Office expert told me that is an insane amount that is very counter-productive). FYI, when I first started gardening on this plot I had 2.6%, and the next year I increased it to 4.3%. I noticed a HUGE difference come harvest.
So, I put on:
Fresh manure/bedding in Fall
Composted manure/bedding in Spring