Vitamin A
In adult chickens, vitamin A deficiency symptoms include weakness, lethargy, puffed out appearance, decreased egg production, and a watery discharge from their eyes that can develop into “milky cheesy” eye secretions. In baby chicks, symptoms can develop as early as 7 days of age. Symptoms in chicks include lack of appetite, stunted growth, sleepiness, weakness, imbalance and weight loss. If the deficiency is severe then walking difficulties can occur.
Natural Sources: dandelion greens, sweet potato, broccoli, kale, spinach, pumpkin, cantaloupe, peas, tomatoes
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 deficiencies can be responsible for lack of weight gain, decreased appetite, poor plumage quality, and nervous system issues. In addition often a decrease in size of egg laid, anemia, and
fatty liver, kidney and heart disease can be seen too. Vitamin B12 is mostly found in fish and animal products. It is a rarely found in plant materials but sea kelp is high in vitamin B12.
Natural Sources: yogurt, milk, cheese, fish, eggs, meat, sea kelp
Commercial Products: Cluck n Sea Kelp,
Manna Pro’s Life Lytes,
Life Lyte’s Mega Tabs,
Durvet
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
This deficiency can lead to dry flaking skin, also known as dermatitis, on the chicken’s face, around the eyes and on the feet. It can also lead to
fatty liver and kidney syndrome.
Natural Sources: Peas, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Spinach, Strawberries, Raspberries, Oats, Soybeans, Peanuts
Commercial Products: Cluck n Sea Kelp,
Manna Pro’s Life Lytes,
Life Lyte’s Mega Tabs
Choline
Eggs are high in choline making choline repletion a must. This deficiency’s hallmark symptom in both chicks and adult chickens is perosis.
Perosis, seen in many vitamin deficiencies, first develops as tiny bleeding spots near the chicken’s hock accompanied by light swelling that later develops into the contortion of the legs, the inability to bear weight, and finally complete immobility.
Natural Sources: soybeans, wheat, and fish meal.
Vitamin D3
This deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, impaired bone development in chicks, rickets, soft weak beaks and toenails, as well as poor quality egg shells. In chicks the first sign of Vitamin D3 deficiency can be trouble walking.
Natural Sources: mushrooms (from the grocer), fish, eggs
Vitamin E
It is important to note that Vitamin E requires selenium (a mineral) for absorption in poultry. Wry neck, imbalance, and muscle atrophy can all be signs of a deficiency
Natural Sources: asparagus, broccoli, pumpkin, spinach, turnip, beet greens, collard greens, and dandelion greens, purslane
Folic Acid
Of all livestock, poultry are the most susceptible to folic acid deficiencies. Signs of deficiency include anemia-pale combs, wattles and mouth tissue, perosis, cervical paralysis (similar to wry neck), decreased egg production, poor feathering, impaired growth and discoloration of feathers.
Natural Sources: strawberries, raspberries, asparagus, spinach, dark leafy greens, broccoli, okra, brussel sprouts, peanuts, flax seeds, cauliflower, beets, corn, carrots, celery, squash
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is necessary for the normal blood clotting process. This is very important to keep chickens from bleeding to death even from a slight bruise. Vitamin K deficient chickens can also suffer from internal hemorrhaging. It is important to remember that the use of medication can sometimes impair the body’s proper absorption of Vitamin K. A Vitamin K deficiency should not be confused with coccidiosis in baby chicks.
Natural Sources: basil, sage, thyme, dark leafy greens, brussel sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, cabbage, cucumber
Niacin
Symptoms of niacin deficiency include diarrhea, loss of appetite and growth retardation. Chicks around 2 weeks of age can develop “black tongue” which is swelling of the tongue, inner mouth and upper digestive tract.
Natural Sources: peanuts, mushrooms (from grocer), sunflower seeds, peas
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Riboflavin deficiencies can first appear during day 10 in the incubating egg. Chicks born with riboflavin deficiencies can be seen with curled toes and laying down with their legs extended. They can be lethargic and seen walking around on their hocks using their wings as walking aids.
Natural Sources: spinach, soybeans, beet greens, asparagus, eggs
Pyroxidine (Vitamin B6)
Pyroxidine deficiencies in chicks is manifested with “fits”. Fits include running around aimlessly, flapping their wings which then is accompanied by falling down and jerking motions. Protein metabolism, reproductive issues, decreased egg production and partial molts are also signs of pyroxidine deficiency in older chickens.
Natural Sources: sunflower seeds, bananas, spinach, bell peppers, peas
http://www.tillysnest.com/2014/03/vitamin-deficiencies-in-backyard-chicks-html/