- Dec 7, 2011
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Below chart was copied from mercks site.In case the site becomes unavailable, I copied some of the info.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/poultry/coccidiosis/overview_of_coccidiosis_in_poultry.html#v3340164
Drugs for Treatment of Coccidiosis in Chickens a
Drug
Feed or Water
Use Level, Treatment Duration
Withdrawal Time (days)
Amprolium
Water
0.012%–0.024%, 3–5 days; 0.006%, 1–2 wk
0
Chlortetracycline
Feed
0.022% + 0.8% calcium, not more than 3 wk
0
Oxytetracycline
Feed
0.022% + 0.18%–0.55% calcium, not more than 5 days
3
Sodium sulfachloropyrazine monohydrate
Water
0.03%, 3 days
4
Sulfadimethoxine
Water
0.05%, 6 days
5
Sulfamethazine (sulfadimidine)
Water
0.1%, 2 days; 0.05%, 4 days
10
Toltrazuril
Water
25 ppm, 2 days
NAb
a Approved in the USA, except for toltrazuril
b Not applicable
Anticoccidials are given in the feed to prevent disease and the economic loss often associated with subacute infection. Prophylactic use is preferred, because most of the damage occurs before signs become apparent and because drugs cannot completely stop an outbreak. Therapeutic treatments are usually given by water because of the logistical restraints of feed administration. Antibiotics and increased levels of vitamins A and K are sometimes used in the ration to improve rate of recovery and prevent secondary infections.
Continuous use of anticoccidial drugs promotes the emergence of drug-resistant strains of coccidia. Various programs are used in attempts to slow or stop selection of resistance. For instance, producers may use one anticoccidial continuously through succeeding flocks, change to alternative anticoccidials every 4–6 mo, or change anticoccidials during a single growout (ie, a shuttle program). While there is little cross-resistance to anticoccidials with different modes of action, there is widespread resistance to most drugs. Coccidia can be tested in the laboratory to determine which products are most effective. “Shuttle programs,” in which one group of chickens is treated sequentially with different drugs (usually a change between the starter and grower rations), are common practice and offer some benefit in slowing the emergence of resistance. In the USA, the FDA considers shuttle programs as extra-label usage, but producers may use such programs on the recommendation of a veterinarian
http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/poultry/coccidiosis/overview_of_coccidiosis_in_poultry.html#v3340164
Drugs for Treatment of Coccidiosis in Chickens a
Drug
Feed or Water
Use Level, Treatment Duration
Withdrawal Time (days)
Amprolium
Water
0.012%–0.024%, 3–5 days; 0.006%, 1–2 wk
0
Chlortetracycline
Feed
0.022% + 0.8% calcium, not more than 3 wk
0
Oxytetracycline
Feed
0.022% + 0.18%–0.55% calcium, not more than 5 days
3
Sodium sulfachloropyrazine monohydrate
Water
0.03%, 3 days
4
Sulfadimethoxine
Water
0.05%, 6 days
5
Sulfamethazine (sulfadimidine)
Water
0.1%, 2 days; 0.05%, 4 days
10
Toltrazuril
Water
25 ppm, 2 days
NAb
a Approved in the USA, except for toltrazuril
b Not applicable
Anticoccidials are given in the feed to prevent disease and the economic loss often associated with subacute infection. Prophylactic use is preferred, because most of the damage occurs before signs become apparent and because drugs cannot completely stop an outbreak. Therapeutic treatments are usually given by water because of the logistical restraints of feed administration. Antibiotics and increased levels of vitamins A and K are sometimes used in the ration to improve rate of recovery and prevent secondary infections.
Continuous use of anticoccidial drugs promotes the emergence of drug-resistant strains of coccidia. Various programs are used in attempts to slow or stop selection of resistance. For instance, producers may use one anticoccidial continuously through succeeding flocks, change to alternative anticoccidials every 4–6 mo, or change anticoccidials during a single growout (ie, a shuttle program). While there is little cross-resistance to anticoccidials with different modes of action, there is widespread resistance to most drugs. Coccidia can be tested in the laboratory to determine which products are most effective. “Shuttle programs,” in which one group of chickens is treated sequentially with different drugs (usually a change between the starter and grower rations), are common practice and offer some benefit in slowing the emergence of resistance. In the USA, the FDA considers shuttle programs as extra-label usage, but producers may use such programs on the recommendation of a veterinarian
)/toltrazuril-for-epm-200ml/
