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In theory, yes, one peacock could be genetically homozygous for all mutations, but that would take decades from start to finish. Also, keep in mind what the single mutations do, and what they might do together -- if you're trying for a new combination, you won't know for sure what it will look like, and how to spot one if you hatched one. And if you were able to get all the color mutations into one bird, it will probably look like a dirty white. Think about it -- putting together mutations that reduce depth of color with others might make everything variations of pastels. Such a bird would be valuable genetically -- a peacock with the genes from all color mutations could be penned up with a hen of each color, and hatch offspring that are visual to the hen's color -- but might not be much of a beauty itself. Another option is having birds that are split to bunches of colors breed together. Then, in one clutch, you could potentially hatch Bronze, Purple, Midnight, etc. In parrot species with many mutations in captivity, pairs that are split to multiple mutations are often used by breeders for pet stores, so that a lot of variety can be available for selection from a small number of clutches -- instead of selling one clutch of each color.
If I had the capacity to try this, I'd look at what colors are available, see how they differ from normal IB, and try making complimentary crosses. Bronze and Midnight are both darker than IB, but in different ways. If those two different ways could be turned on in the same bird, you might get something darker than either. And both these colors are fully iridescent, so the offspring should be as well -- maybe you'll get shiny almost-black peafowl. Or perhaps Purple and Jade would work well -- the Purple color seems brighter (based on pics I've seen on the web) in Spaldings than in IB, so perhaps these two together would give a brighter purplish color.
You won't know until you try.
ETA -- If I can offer another piece of advice, I'd say avoid Blackshoulder when making first-time combinations. The females will have so little color that it would be hard to distinguish them, especially since their color varies among regular IB hens (probably since so many have various amounts of green blood in their background). Once you know what a new combination looks like, then you can try adding Blackshoulder.
