Instead of years, you might think in terms of egg laying seasons.
The adult molt is what controls it. It will vary by individuals, so you need enough laying hens for averages to mean something, but what will usually happen on average for a large flock of hens is that the egg size and general quality will usually go up after their first adult molt. This may be shortly after they start to lay or a long time after they start to lay. Commercial operations will often force a molt after the pullets have been laying a while to get the larger eggs that grade out better since they get more money for those larger eggs. Before that first adult molt, they will usually lay real well, but the eggs are not as large.
After their second adult molt, the eggs may get a little larger but the number of eggs usually drops off by about 15%. Remember, this is on average. After each following adult molt, production drops on average another 15%.
If you have four laying hens, the averages probably don't mean a lot, plus you are not as likely to notice a 15% drop. After two or three adult molts, you will notice. If you have a hundred hens, yeah, you would probably notice that the first year.
Hope this makes some sense.