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Our 4-H is smaller than most and we have less members, but for us, 4-H projects mean that the kid could participate in the baking section (for a contest), livestock section, generally speaking (showing horses, cows, poultry, etc... at a fair), public speaking (choosing an interesting topic and talking about it in front of judges), poster contest (making a poster about anything you'd like and presenting it to judges), etc. Obviously, besides the livestock projects, the others don't have to do with animals. I'm sure there are a few other projects I'm forgetting...
For our 4-H, you can show any time. But I'd get your son associated with 4-H now so he can show with his age group, as opposed to showing in open poultry with adults. It doesn't matter if your family wasn't in 4-H last year. So long as you're in 4-H, you can participate in anything 4-H related. At least that's how it's run in our county.