I don't know what MI does for military. For civilians, to get your CPL, you have to take a class, fill out a form, get fingerprinted. $115. To renew, you fill out the form again, and check a box that says you still know what the laws are, and any new ones, and that you have spent some time shooting on a range in the past 6 months. (I think it's 6, I'll have to fill out the form and double check the particulars.)
I wanted to take the class... well, I wanted to make sure I wasn't rusty on any of this stuff. The class was $85, supplying your own ammo, which sure ain't cheap these days!
The original class I took when I first got my CPL goes WAAAAAAAYYYY beyond what the NRA or USCCA teaches. Three people I know who have taken both the NRA and the class I took agreed that the latter was really what people need to take to know what they're getting into when they carry a gun in public. But it's $800 (bring your own ammo, 500+ rounds) and 40 hours long. Most people can't/won't make that kind of commitment.