Im sorry to rain on your setup, because i am a clean water freak, but: proper aquariums need to have water changed 25% each month if not every other week. Goldfish especially are very dirty fish. Even with a filter it won't be picking up all you think it is. I know that when I start to vacuum my substrate I am amazed at what the filter doesn't pick up. You will be surprised how a water change a month can go along way. Sorry to say, but not doing water changes isn't really good for the fish. You NEED to. If you don't own a gravel vac, then you can try to use a bowl or cup. A 10 gallon tank is really easy to change the water. Also, the problem could be the acclimation. How long/how did you acclimate the fish? Did you just float the bag for 10-15 mins or do a drip/cup setup? Sometimes when the water is such a drastic change(i.e. petstore water to home water)it is necessary to do a gradual change to get accustomed to your water. Especially since half your water is essentially rainwater from a pond. It is too late now but in the future make sure to cup acclimate. Add a cup of your water to the fish's bad every 15 minutes until you've dumped in for 1-1.5 hours. This is imperative to reduce stress and properly acclimate! Anyway, I hope he gets better soon! And please make sure to do your water changes!
![thumbsup.gif](https://www.backyardchickens.com/styles/byc-smilies/thumbsup.gif)