New Chicken Owner

jfraz

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We bought a new house and have enough room to raise some chickens, finally. It is a brand new endeavor for us, so we are looking at where to start. We live in zone 7a. We have a pasture area that I would like to build a chicken coop and fence in so they have an area to free-range as well. Below is a picture of the area I was thinking, it's brown in the picture, but has green pasture grass most of the year. My questions are, what kind of coop would we need with the extreme weather we get (hot summers, cold winters), and is this enough space for some chickens to be able to live without a lot of maintenance?



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Welcome to Backyard Chickens.
Happy to have you with us and
Wishing you well with your plans!

I do not have extreme temps in my area, but someone else will be able to advise with this experience.
 
Welcome to the site! For starters, you’re going to want your coop to have excellent ventilation overhead. That will help remove warm air in the summer and humidity in the winter. Windows that are inline with the roosting bars can help get a cross-breeze going on warmer nights.

Oh, and any chance you can get electrical over there? It’s a huge help to run things like fans and heated waterers.
 
Hi, welcome to the forum! Glad you joined!

Plant hardiness Zone 7A applies more to plants than animals and has a lot to do with first and last frost dates but it does give me a rough idea. Your annual lows could be around 0 F but occasionally go a little lower. Zone 7A is not really about summer highs though those can maybe get above 110 F occasionally. If I'm off much let me know.

With just a little help chickens can handle those cold temperatures pretty well. What they need is protection from a breeze and good ventilation. A breeze strong enough to ruffle their feathers can be a problem so they need to be able to get themselves out of a breeze during daylight. At night, they need to have breezes blocked when they are on the roosts.

Ventilation is to remove moisture from the air in winter. Excess moisture can lead to frostbite in freezing temperatures. To get rid of moisture without having a breeze hit them on the roosts you want the openings to be above their heads. Ventilation in winter is not about keeping heat in, it's about getting moisture out.

Hot weather is more dangerous to chickens than your winter cold. In summer ventilation gets heat out. Hot air rises so you want openings as high as you can get them. But you also want openings down low to allow cooler air in. In hot weather it does not bother them to have a light breeze hitting them on the roosts.

They should be able to handle temperatures well up in the 90's F with just some shade during the day. They will need fresh water. When I have my heat spells above 100 F I spray water in a shaded area to get the ground wet so they can cool off by laying on it. Some will sometimes stand in shallow water to cool off. Not all take advantage of these opportunities but some do.

That total area is over 2500 square feet. How many chickens do you plan to have? The more you crowd them the more likely you are to have behavior issues, the harder you have to work, and the less flexibility you have to handle issues as they come up. There are some rules of thumb people use to come up with the minimum size you need for the coop but I really like to go bigger. It's easier on me.

You can go into the "Articles" section of this forum and find the coops section to get ideas that might appeal to you. The link to that section is https://www.backyardchickens.com/articles/categories/chicken-coops.12/
 
Looks like you're in my zone. I'm in North Alabama, USA. You've got about 275 sq feet of space. [EDIT: I read feet when you stated yards. Sorry about that. Rules of thumb still work, so I'll leave the rest of my comment, just note that you have vast amounts of space more than what I'm talking about.] 275 sq feet is enough space for about 18 chickens, if you keep them strictly in a covered run using that entire area and no coop. I've found that if I only have a covered run, birds need at least 15 sq ft of space per bird, otherwise I have pecking issues, and stress responses from the birds. I have less space per chicken when raising chicks, but I make sure to reduce the number of chickens to 15 sq ft per bird or more before freezing winter weather, when stress is highest.

Or, if you build a coop connected to that space you've outlined, and give them at least 5 sq feet floorspace per bird in the coop, and use that entire area as an outdoor run, rule of thumb says 10 sq ft per chicken in the run, so you could house up to about 25 chickens. Your coop would need to have at least 125 square feet for 25 chickens, not counting areas they can't walk in, like where feeders and waterers are, and nesting boxes.

I don't use a coop, because it's not needed IMO. I fully protect my covered run with hardware cloth including a 3 ft apron because we get ALL the predators, and I can't afford to have ANY losses (everyone would cry!).

I did the calculations, and built an 8' x 10' metal shed next to my covered run and then decided to use it as a shed, not a coop, because due to the hot and humid weather and amount of ventilation needed, I'd have had to remove the entire top third of the building and replace it with hardware cloth. And then build larger overhangs to protect from rain. I was a bit worried about structural integrity of the metal shed. I'd have had to reinforce so much I should've just built out of wood from the beginning, but this was when wood was super expensive during covid.

Make sure your birds get plenty of shade and ventilation in the coop and run always, but especially the middle of summer.

For the few months of winter that we get, I put plastic up on the outside of the covered runs to reduce the wind speed for those few weeks of below freezing days. No supplemental heat needed. I've had a few roosters with 2-3" tall points on single combs get frostbite, but that's it for weather issues. All the birds with shorter or pea combs and the hens with single combs were all fine.

My 250 sq ft greenhouse frame coop (10"x25") and 150 sq ft hoop (10'x15') coop with attached tarps have stood up to tornadoes for 3-4 years now, whatever snow we've gotten (I think 6+ inches one year - I go out twice a day and knock the snow off) and a rainburst/flood (Massive rain and 1-2 ft of flowing water for 24 hrs), with no issues. My 300 square ft chain link dog run enclosure with slanted roof did not faire so well in the flood - bad roof design on my part. All of my coops are under trees, so they get moderate shade all day, and a few patches of sun in the morning and afternoon.

Here are some pictures of what worked for me.

I replaced my pallet perch with a poop board perch, and am really loving it - so much easier to clean! Also, you can see summer and winter setup for my greenhouse frame coop. I don't have any super good pics of the hoop coop, but included one with a few roosters in it. The hoop coop has doors on both ends and a central support, while the greenhouse frame coop has a door on one end and didn't need a central support. Had to use re-bar to pin the bottom frame for the hoop coop in place to keep the bend in the cattle panels. The hoop coop IMO was a harder build, and cost about as much as the greenhouse frame coop once all was done, because it required more support structure, and didn't give as much floor space. If I had to do it again, I'd build another greenhouse frame coop. That one worked really well.

Tarps are flared out to catch the breeze, especially important in summer.
 

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I'm in the same region.

You should choose your breed of chicken carefully. Those adapted to cold and hot climates are very easy to manage.
Ideally if you wanted a static coop, partition off the areas around the coop into 4 seperate areas. This lets you rotate the chickens so they don't run the area into the dirt. Even two areas is better than complete access.

Seems like you could fit 25 or less chickens in that space, so consider what your maximum number of chickens would be and build a coop to accomodate more.

A static coop is easy, run power for something to keep water from freezing in the winter. Beyond that as long as you keep drafts above the chickens and have ways to open the coop up for spring/summer/fall you'll be fine.
Would suggest ensuring whatever you use can handle having a foot of snow on it.

One final note: You can say that's the area for the chickens... but plan ahead for using more.
 

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