This! Welcome to BYC.from Highland County Ohio!!! There is no such thing as a stupid question on here!
1) You can go to this link and read reviews on breeds to see which ones are right for you. https://www.backyardchickens.com/products/category/chicken-breeds
2) In the summer as long as you provide cool water they should be alright. Last summer it was 100+ here and my girls were fine. If it gets really cold in the winter, you may want to get a breed with a pea or rose comb so that they do not get frostbite. Again you can go to https://www.backyardchickens.com/products/category/chicken-breeds to find the right breed. The following article will give you more info on keeping your flock warm in the winter.
https://www.backyardchickens.com/a/winter-proofing-your-coop-why-and-how
3) Sorry I don't know anything about ducks or quail.
4) The coop is the main home for a flock. It holds the roosts, nest boxes, and sometimes the food and water. The run/cage/pen is a fenced in place that is connected to the coop so that the flock can come out and find bugs.
This is my coop.
The brown structure is the coop. The fenced in pen is the run. The roosts and nest boxes are inside the coop.
I hope this helps! Good luck!
